Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39339033›Full record

ArticlePolymers2024

Monolithic Polyepoxide Membranes for Nanofiltration Applications and Sustainable Membrane Manufacture.

Mackenzie Babetta Anderson, Riley A Danna, Clayton French, Jishan Wu, Markus N Thiel, Zhiyin Yang, Eric M V Hoek, Richard B Kaner

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mackenzie Babetta AndersonDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Riley A DannaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Clayton FrenchDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Jishan WuDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Markus N ThielDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Zhiyin YangDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2749-2901
Eric M V HoekDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9674-1916
Richard B KanerDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0345-4924

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The present work details the development of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy membranes with excellent rejection of small-molecule dyes. It is a proof-of-concept for a more sustainable membrane design incorporating carbon fibers, and their recycling and reuse. 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine) (MBCHA) polymerized with either bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether (BADGE) or tetraphenolethane tetraglycidylether (EPON Resin 1031) in polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used to make monolithic membranes reinforced by nonwoven carbon fibers. Membrane pore sizes were tuned by adjusting the molecular weight of the PEG used in the initial polymerization. Membranes made of BADGE-MBCHA showed rejection of Rose Bengal approaching 100%, while tuning the pore sizes substantially increased the rejection of Methylene Blue from ~65% to nearly 100%. The membrane with the best permselectivity was made of EPON-MBCHA polymerized in PEG 300. It has an average DI flux of 4.48 LMH/bar and an average rejection of 99.6% and 99.8% for Rose Bengal and Methylene Blue dyes, respectively. Degradation in 1.1 M sodium hypochlorite enabled the retrieval of the carbon fiber from the epoxy matrix, suggesting that the monolithic membranes could be recycled to retrieve high-value products rather than downcycled for incineration or used as a lower selectivity membrane. The mechanism for epoxy degradation is hypothesized to be part chemical and part physical due to intense swelling stress leading to erosion that leaves behind undamaged carbon fibers. The retrieved fibers were successfully used to make another membrane exhibiting similar performance to those made with pristine fibers.

Indexed as

carbon fiber recyclingcarbon fiber-reinforced compositeepoxy resininterfacial polymerizationmembranenanofiltrationpolymer degradation

Identifiers

PMID39339033
PMCPMC11435267

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.