ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Epidemiology of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infections among Pediatric Patients in Hainan Island, China, 2021-2023.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Etiological characterization of acute respiratory tract infections and associated co-infections using Biofire respiratory 2.1 Plus panel.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Reconstructing the post-pandemic landscape: a retrospective, hospital-based surveillance of respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children in Chenzhou, China, 2021-2025.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Differential Induction and Signaling of Type I and III Interferons During Infection of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells With the Four Human Parainfluenza Virus Types.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Molecular Lineage Replacement and Shifted Seasonality of Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus on Tropical Hainan Island, China, 2021-2024.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of human parainfluenza virus infection in hospitalized children: a single-center study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Epidemiological analysis of pediatric respiratory pathogens in Hunan, China: a retrospective multicenter study from 2022 to 2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Respiratory Adenovirus Infections Among Hospitalized Children in Hainan Province, China, 2021-2024.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 control measures on influenza positivity among patients with acute respiratory infections, 2018-2023: an interrupted time series analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and molecular characteristics of human parainfluenza virus in southern China during 2016-2020.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
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15 authors.
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Abstract
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are the leading causes of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), particularly in children. During the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) significantly influenced the epidemiology of respiratory viruses. This study analyzed 19,339 respiratory specimens from pediatric patients with ARTIs to detect HPIVs using PCR or tNGS, focusing on the period from 2021 to 2023. HPIVs were identified in 1395 patients (7.21%, 1395/19,339), with annual detection rates of 6.86% (303/4419) in 2021, 6.38% (331/5188) in 2022, and 7.82% (761/9732) in 2023. Notably, both the total number of tests and HPIV-positive cases increased in 2023 compared to 2021 and 2022. Seasonal analysis revealed a shift in HPIV prevalence from winter and spring in 2021-2022 to spring and summer in 2023. Most HPIV-positive cases were in children aged 0-7 years, with fewer infections among those aged 7-18 years. Since June 2022, HPIV-3 has been the most prevalent serotype (59.55%, 524/880), whereas HPIV-2 had the lowest proportion (0.80%, 7/880). The proportions of HPIV-1 (24.89%, 219/880) and HPIV-4 (15.45%, 136/880) were similar. Additionally, the incidence of co-infections with other common respiratory pathogens has increased since 2021. This study highlights rising HPIV detection rates post-COVID-19 and underscores the need for continuous surveillance of HPIVs to inform public health strategies for future epidemic seasons.
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