Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39338646›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2024

Enhancing Reliability and Stability of BLE Mesh Networks: A Multipath Optimized AODV Approach.

Muhammad Rizwan Ghori, Tat-Chee Wan, Gian Chand Sodhy, Mohammad Aljaidi, Amna Rizwan, Ali Safaa Sadiq, Omprakash Kaiwartya

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Muhammad Rizwan GhoriSchool of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-2247-5723
Tat-Chee WanSchool of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-3094-8228
Gian Chand SodhySchool of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-2955-6462
Mohammad AljaidiDepartment of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Technology, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0001-9486-3533
Amna RizwanSchool of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-0590-0804
Ali Safaa SadiqDepartment of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5746-0257
Omprakash KaiwartyaDepartment of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9669-8244

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) mesh networks provide flexible and reliable communication among low-power sensor-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) devices, enabling them to communicate in a flexible and robust manner. Nonetheless, the majority of existing BLE-based mesh protocols operate as flooding-based piconet or scatternet overlays on top of existing Bluetooth star topologies. In contrast, the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol used primarily in wireless ad hoc networks (WAHNs) is forwarding-based and therefore more efficient, with lower overheads. However, the packet delivery ratio (PDR) and link recovery time for AODV performs worse compared to flooding-based BLE protocols when encountering link disruptions. We propose the Multipath Optimized AODV (M-O-AODV) protocol to address these issues, with improved PDR and link robustness compared with other forwarding-based protocols. In addition, M-O-AODV achieved a PDR of 88%, comparable to the PDR of 92% for flooding-based BLE, unlike protocols such as Reverse-AODV (R-AODV). Also, M-O-AODV was able to perform link recovery within 3700 ms in the case of node failures, compared with other forwarding-based protocols that require 4800 ms to 6000 ms. Consequently, M-O-AODV-based BLE mesh networks are more efficient for wireless sensor-enabled IoT environments.

Indexed as

Bluetooth Low Energy meshmultipath AODVoptimizationreliability and stabilitysensors

Identifiers

PMID39338646
PMCPMC11435828

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.