ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Association of the Serotonin and Kynurenine Pathways as Possible Therapeutic Targets to Modulate Pain in Patients with Fibromyalgia.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- JK5G postbiotics modulate gut microbiota and metabolome to alleviate cancer-related pain: a randomized controlled trial with multi-omics integration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Neurobiology of Anxiety and Depression in CP/CPPS: A Narrative Review of Underlying Mechanisms.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Sublingual Cyclobenzaprine: First Approval.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Review
- Harnessing Dietary Tryptophan: Bridging the Gap Between Neurobiology and Psychiatry in Depression Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The bridging role of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in neuropathic pain comorbid with anxiety.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- The role of the gut microbiota in the development of rheumatic diseases: a focus on fibromyalgia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Unraveling the Association Between Fibromyalgia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Effect of Cervical Manual Therapy on Sleep Quality: A Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Latest developments in small molecule analgesics: heterocyclic scaffolds I.Future medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Exploring the Analgesic Potential of L-Lysine: Molecular Mechanisms, Preclinical Evidence, and Implications for Pharmaceutical Pain Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Biochemical strategies for opioid-sparing pain management in the operating room.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Fibromyalgia, Depression, and Autoimmune Disorders: An Interconnected Web of Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Role of Vitamin D Status and Alterations in Gut Microbiota Metabolism in Fibromyalgia-Associated Chronic Inflammatory Pain.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Causal Effects of Inflammatory Arthritis Subtypes on Fibromyalgia: A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Reduced Fibromyalgia Risk in Patients With Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation Study.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a disorder characterized by widespread chronic pain, significant depression, and various neural abnormalities. Recent research suggests a reciprocal exacerbation mechanism between chronic pain and depression. In patients with FM, dysregulation of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism has been identified. Trp, an essential amino acid, serves as a precursor to serotonin (5-HT), a neuromodulator that influences mood, appetite, sleep, and pain perception through the receptors 5-HT1, 5-HT2, and 5-HT3. Additionally, Trp is involved in the kynurenine pathway, a critical route in the immune response, inflammation, and production of neuroactive substances and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The activation of this pathway by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), leads to the production of kynurenic acid (KYNA), which has neuroprotective properties, and quinolinic acid (QA), which is neurotoxic. These findings underscore the crucial balance between Trp metabolism, 5-HT, and kynurenine, where an imbalance can contribute to the dual burden of pain and depression in patients with FM. This review proposes a novel therapeutic approach for FM pain management, focusing on inhibiting QA synthesis while co-administering selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors to potentially increase KYNA levels, thus dampening pain perception and improving patient outcomes.
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