ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Anatomical Study of the Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System in Relation to the Zygomaticus Major.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is crucial for the structural integrity and dynamics of facial expressions and is a particularly important consideration during facelift surgeries. This study investigated the anatomical structure and continuity of the SMAS at the site where the zygomaticus major (Zmj) originates, which is where the SMAS extends from the lateral to the anterior aspects of the face. Knowledge of these aspects is crucial for understanding the mechanics of facial movements and also the aging process.
methodsDissections of 66 specimens and histological analyses were used to explore the intricate relationships and attachments between the SMAS and facial muscles.
resultsThe findings indicated that at the Zmj origin site, the SMAS-connected to the inferior margin of the orbicularis oculi-covered the superficial surface of the Zmj fibers. As it tracked downward, the SMAS was observed to split into two layers lateral to the Zmj fibers, enveloping them both superficially and deeply. Additionally, as the SMAS continued forward, it ceased to be distinctly visible in the buccal area.
conclusionsThese results provide a deeper understanding of the complex layering and interconnectivity of the SMAS, which supports facial dynamics and structural integrity. This information could be particularly useful in surgical and aesthetic procedures in the midfacial area.
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