ArticleBiomedicines2024
Pro-Inflammatory Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles in the Vitreous of Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
Article in Biomedicines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Small extracellular vesicles derived from human retinal pericytes under high glucose and hypoxia conditions promote endothelial cell dysfunction invitro.Experimental eye research · 2026Article
- Exosome-mediated cell-cell communication: a new perspective on the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of diabetic microvascular complications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Semaglutide in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Integrating Clinical Evidence with Mechanistic Insights.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Claudin 5 Across the Vascular Landscape: From Blood-Tissue Barrier Regulation to Disease Mechanisms.Cells · 2025Review
- Claudin Proteins: Their Potential Role in Obesity and Adipose Tissue Signaling, Physiology and Disease.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Pre-Existing Diabetes Alters Pulmonary Inflammatory Gene Expression Priming for Injury.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Claudin-17 Deficiency Drives Vascular Permeability and Inflammation Causing Lung Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Utility of Extracellular Vesicles in Ocular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in diabetes and complications: mechanistic insights and translational prospects.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness, yet its molecular mechanisms are unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to dysfunction in DR, but the characteristics and functions of vitreous EVs are unclear. This study investigated the inflammatory properties of type 2 diabetic (db) vitreous EVs. EVs isolated from the vitreous of db and non-db donors were used for nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunogold staining, Western blotting, and proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry. Intracellular uptake of vitreous EVs by differentiated macrophages was evaluated using ExoGlow membrane labeling, and the impact of EVs on macrophage (THP-1) activation was assessed by cytokine levels using RT-qPCR. NTA and TEM analysis of db and non-db vitreous EVs showed non-aggregated EVs with a heterogeneous size range below 200 nm. Western blot detected EV markers (Alix, Annexin V, HSP70, and Flotillin 1) and an upregulation of Cldn5 in db EVs. While the db EVs were incorporated into macrophages, treatment of THP-1 cells with db EVs significantly increased mRNA levels of TNFα and IL-1β compared to non-db EVs. Proteomic and gene enrichment analysis indicated pro-inflammatory characteristics of db EVs. Our results suggest a potential involvement of EC-derived Cldn5+ EVs in triggering inflammation, offering a novel mechanism involved and presenting a possible therapeutic avenue for DR.
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