ArticleBMC oral health2024
The effect of thermal aging on microhardness and SEM/EDS for characterisation bioactive filling materials.
Article in BMC oral health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vickers Hardness and Microleakage of Coated Glass-Hybrid and High-Viscosity Glass Ionomer Systems in Thermocycled Conservative Class II Cavities: An In Vitro Study.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Impact of polyphenol-rich beverages on color stability, translucency and elemental surface composition of composite resins: correlation analysis after staining.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Surface Integrity of Widely Used Resin-Modified Glass Ionomers: New Findings Amid Limited Scientific Literature.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2026Review
- Bioactive restorative materials in dentistry: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, clinical applications, and future directions.Odontology · 2026Review
- Comparative Analysis of Erosion and Erosion-Abrasion Resistance of Bioactive Glass Ionomer-Based Restorative Materials: A Surface Characterization Study.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the remineralization potential of bioactive materials using different methods.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Color Stability in Bioactive and Conventional Resin Cements Under Thermal Stress Conditions.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Fluoride Release from Pediatric Dental Restorative Materials: A Laboratory Investigation.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- The evaluation of internal adaptation of glass ionomer restorations applied after the use of different cavity conditioners in primary teeth: an in-vitro study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate the surface microhardness, surface chemical composition of bioactive restorative materials pre- and post- thermal aging.
methodA total of 200 disc-shaped samples were prepared by using the materials: Cention N, ACTIVA BioActive Restorative, Equia Forte HT Fil, Glass Fill glass carbomer cement (GCP), and Fuji II LC. Vickers microhardness test were used to measure surface hardness. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) was used to determine the characterization of the microstructures and elemental analysis of the materials. These measurements were repeated after thermal aging. One-Way ANOVA test, Bonferroni test and the Games-Howell test was used for data analysis. The significance level was accepted as 0.05.
resultsCention N had the highest vickers microhardness value before thermal cycle. The highest fluoride ion ratio among the materials before thermal aging was detected in the Equia Forte HT Fil and Fuji II LC groups. While a decrease in fluorideF ion was detected in all groups except the Cention N group after thermal aging. It is observed that ACTIVA BioActive Restorative has a more microporous and rougher surface in the scanning electron microscopy image after the thermal cycle than in the image before the thermal cycle.
conclusionsThe chemical properties of the materials and the properties of the filler particles may be related to the differences in the mechanical properties, surface characterizations and ion releases of the materials Thermal aging affected the microhardness, surface characteristics and elemental mass ratios of the studied materials. Alkasite bioactive materials are more similar to composite restorative materials and show better mechanical properties than other materials, but do not have the same effect on fluoride release. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Most of the bioactive materials showed a decrease in the fluoride ion ratio after thermal aging, while no difference was found in the ion exchange of alkasite materials. Material selection should be made more carefully in caries-active individuals whose fluoride release is clinically important.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.