ArticleScientific reports2024
Risk factors and prognostic impact of unwanted loneliness in heart failure.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Long-term burden of heart failure: a population-based cohort study on mortality and rehospitalizations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Social isolation, loneliness and the relationship with serum biomarkers, functional parameters and mortality in older adults.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is associated with a high prevalence of unwanted loneliness. This study aimed to assess whether unwanted loneliness was associated with adverse clinical endpoints in HF patients. Additionally, we also aimed to examine the risk factors associated with unwanted loneliness in HF. We included 298 patients diagnosed with stable HF. Clinical, biochemical, echocardiographic parameters and loneliness using ESTE II scale were assessed. We analyzed the association between the exposure and adverse clinical endpoints by Cox (death or any hospitalization), and negative binomial regressions (recurrent hospitalizations or visits to the emergency room). Risk factors associated with loneliness were analyzed using logistic regression. The mean age was 75.8 ± 9.4 years, with 111 (37.2%) being women, 53 (17.8%) widowed, and 154 (51.7%) patients having preserved ejection fraction. The median (p25-p75%) ESTE II score was 9.0 (6.0-12.0), and 36.9% fulfilled the loneliness criteria (> 10). Both women (OR = 2.09; 95% CI 1.11-3.98, p = 0.023) and widowhood (OR = 3.25; 95% CI 1.51-7.01, p = 0.003) were associated with a higher risk of loneliness. During a median follow-up of follow-up of 362 days (323-384), 93 patients (31.3%) presented the combined episode of death or all-cause admissions. Loneliness was significantly related to the risk of time to the composite of death or any readmission during the composite (HR = 1.83; 95% CI 1.18-2.84, p = 0.007). Women and widowhood emerge as risk factors for unwanted loneliness in HF patients. Unwanted loneliness is associated with higher morbidity during follow-up.
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