ArticleNature medicine2025
SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells are not durably established in the bone marrow long-lived compartment after mRNA vaccination.
Article in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed.
- An mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine targeting theMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor as a Fifth Component of Lipid Nanoparticles Enables Lymph Node-Targeting and Augments mRNA Vaccine Efficacy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Advances in Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Ptpn2 limits plasma cell fate and antiviral immunity by integrating B cell receptor and IFN-γ signals in B cells.Science advances · 2026Article
- Protocol for selective in vivo labeling of bone marrow plasma cells by intrafemoral antibody injection in mice.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Harnessing mucosal immunity for protective vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Exploring community-level gut health amidst COVID-19 pandemic: a proposed application of longitudinal wastewater surveillance.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection reveals imprinted antibody responses in the absence of vaccination.iScience · 2026Article
- Viral Vaccine Adjuvant Strategies for Shaping Durable Immunity Across the Human Lifespan.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Booster mRNA Vaccination Prevents Breakthrough Severe COVID-19 Infections.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Long-Term Durability and Dynamics of Anti-S-RBD IgG Response in Healthcare Workers: A Comparative Analysis of Homologous and Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Schedules in a 1-Year Serial Cross-Sectional Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Intranasal replicating adenovirus type 4-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccines induce durable and efficacious responses in preclinical testing.iScience · 2026Article
- Multi-omic profiling of human antibody-secreting cells reveals diverse subsets sustain durable humoral immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Construction and evaluation of an engineered autonomously lysing Salmonella system coupled with self-assembled nanoparticles as a vaccine platform for antigen delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Immunological memory to vaccines.Immunity · 2026Review
- Intranasal DC-targeting vaccine booster elicits durable and cross-clade protective immunity against sarbecoviruses in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Hitting the hidden: arming the immune system for the next zoonotic coronavirus spillover.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- DNA origami vaccine nanoparticles improve humoral and cellular immune responses to infectious diseases.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Intranasal Replicating Adenovirus type 4-SARS-CoV-2 Recombinants Induce Superior Immune Response Durability and Efficacy in Preclinical Testing Compared to Standard Intramuscular Vaccines.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Durability of DNA-LNP and mRNA-LNP vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines are effective at protecting from severe disease, but the protective antibodies wane rapidly even though SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells can be found in the bone marrow (BM). Here, to explore this paradox, we enrolled 19 healthy adults at 2.5-33 months after receipt of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and measured influenza-, tetanus- or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in long-lived plasma cell (LLPC) and non-LLPC subsets within the BM. Only influenza- and tetanus-specific ASCs were readily detected in the LLPCs, whereas SARS-CoV-2 specificities were mostly absent. The ratios of non-LLPC:LLPC for influenza, tetanus and SARS-CoV-2 were 0.61, 0.44 and 29.07, respectively. In five patients with known PCR-proven history of recent infection and vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific ASCs were mostly absent from the LLPCs. We show similar results with measurement for secreted antibodies from BM ASC culture supernatant. While serum IgG titers specific for influenza and tetanus correlated with IgG LLPCs, serum IgG levels for SARS-CoV-2, which waned within 3-6 months after vaccination, were associated with IgG non-LLPCs. In all, our studies suggest that rapid waning of SARS-CoV-2-specific serum antibodies could be accounted for by the absence of BM LLPCs after these mRNA vaccines.
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