Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39331412›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024

Mechanically adaptive and deployable intracortical probes enable long-term neural electrophysiological recordings.

Suhao Wang, Qianqian Jiang, Hang Liu, Chaonan Yu, Pengxian Li, Gang Pan, Kedi Xu, Rui Xiao, Yaoyao Hao, Chengjun Wang and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Full-Stack Architectures for Intelligent Brain-Computer Interfaces.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review of Recent Advances in Implantable Brain-Computer Interfaces for the Restoration of Motor Function in Patients With Paralysis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Wearable Bioelectronics for Home-Based Monitoring and Treatment of Muscle Atrophy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Suhao WangDepartment of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3514-5202
Qianqian JiangDepartment of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.ORCID 0009-0000-0696-9128
Hang LiuDepartment of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.ORCID 0009-0001-9361-3855
Chaonan YuNanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China.
Pengxian LiDepartment of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Gang PanState Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Kedi XuNanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China.
Rui XiaoDepartment of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Yaoyao HaoNanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China.
Chengjun WangHuanjiang Lab, Zhuji 311800, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8522-9298
Jizhou SongDepartment of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2821-9429

Funding

MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 12225209MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 12321002MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) U20A6001MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) U21A20502STI 2030-Major Projects 2021ZD0200401
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Flexible intracortical probes offer important opportunities for stable neural interfaces by reducing chronic immune responses, but their advances usually come with challenges of difficult implantation and limited recording span. Here, we reported a mechanically adaptive and deployable intracortical probe, which features a foldable fishbone-like structural design with branching electrodes on a temperature-responsive shape memory polymer (SMP) substrate. Leveraging the temperature-triggered soft-rigid phase transition and shape memory characteristic of SMP, this probe design enables direct insertion into brain tissue with minimal footprint in a folded configuration while automatically softening to reduce mechanical mismatches with brain tissue and deploying electrodes to a broader recording span under physiological conditions. Experimental and numerical studies on the material softening and structural folding-deploying behaviors provide insights into the design, fabrication, and operation of the intracortical probes. The chronically implanted neural probe in the rat cortex demonstrates that the proposed neural probe can reliably detect and track individual units for months with stable impedance and signal amplitude during long-term implantation. The work provides a tool for stable neural activity recording and creates engineering opportunities in basic neuroscience and clinical applications.

Indexed as

Electrodes, ImplantedAnimalsBrainCerebral CortexElectrophysiological PhenomenaNeuronsPolymersRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyPolymersdeployable structuremechanically adaptiveneural probeshape memory polymer

Identifiers

PMID39331412
PMCPMC11459173

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.