ArticleToxins2024
Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells Caused by Marine Phycotoxin Azaspiracid-2.
Article in Toxins, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Investigating the microwave degradation of polypropylene microplastics and their impact on human intestinal cell models.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Crosstalk Between Bile Acids and Intestinal Epithelium: Multidimensional Roles of Farnesoid X Receptor and Takeda G Protein Receptor 5.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Benthic DinoflagellateMarine drugs · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
When humans consume seafood contaminated by lipophilic polyether phycotoxins, such as azaspiracids (AZAs), the toxins are mainly leached and absorbed in the small intestine, potentially causing intestinal damage. In this study, human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells were used to investigate the adverse effects of azaspiracid-2 (AZA-2) on human intestinal epithelial cells. Cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative damage and mitochondrial ultrastructure were investigated, and ribonucleic acid sequence (RNA-seq) analysis was applied to explore the potential mechanisms of AZA-2 toxicity to Caco-2 cells. Results showed that AZA-2 significantly reduced the proliferation of Caco-2 cells in a concentration-dependent response, and the 48 h EC
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.