ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025
Association of Maternal Thyroglobulin With Gestational Thyroid Function and Offspring IQ and Brain Morphology.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk Factors for Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature to Validate Current Risk Factors and Identify Novel Ones.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2025Pooled it
- What Endocrinologists Should Know About Iodine: Population Deficiency, Individual Excess and Misinformation in the United Kingdom.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Review
- Association of Maternal Thyroglobulin With Gestational Thyroid Function and Offspring IQ and Brain Morphology.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Article
- Thyroglobulin as an adjunct biomarker for assessing thyroid function during pregnancy.Qatar medical journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLow maternal urinary iodine concentration (UIC) during pregnancy is associated with adverse offspring neurodevelopment. Thyroglobulin (Tg) has been suggested as a more sensitive biomarker than UIC of long-term iodine status, but associations of Tg with neurodevelopment and the possible mediating role of thyroid function remain unknown.
aimTo study whether maternal Tg is associated with (1) maternal and newborn thyroid function and (2) offspring IQ and brain morphology.
methodsParticipants were selected from 2 population-based prospective cohorts: Generation R (the Netherlands, iodine-sufficient) and INfancia y Medio Ambiente (Spain, mildly iodine-deficient) with maternal Tg and thyroid function data in the first half of pregnancy or in cord blood, early childhood IQ (age 4.5 and 6 years), late childhood IQ (age 9 and 13), or brain morphology at 10 years. Associations of Tg with TSH, free T4 (FT4), IQ, and brain morphology were studied with multivariable linear regression.
results(1) Tg was associated with lower TSH (-0.12 [-0.16; -0.08]) and higher FT4 (0.08 [0.05; 0.12]) in pregnancy (n = 4367) but not with cord blood TSH or FT4 (n = 2008). (2) Tg was associated with lower IQ in early childhood (β [95% confidence interval]: -0.06 [-0.10; -0.01], n = 2919) but not with IQ (n = 2503) or brain morphology (n = 1180) in later childhood. None of the associations of Tg with the studied outcomes differed by the iodine-to-creatinine ratio (ie, effect modification) or changed when adjusted for thyroid function.
conclusionHigher Tg is associated with lower IQ in early childhood and higher thyroid function during pregnancy but not with IQ or brain morphology in later childhood. Further research should determine the value of Tg in addition to UIC for defining iodine status.
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