ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Fifty years of HLA-associated type 1 diabetes risk: history, current knowledge, and future directions.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Dual CD8 and TCR editing in regulatory T cells mediates HLA-A2-restricted tissue-specific homing.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- [Role of HLA genetic variants in autoimmune diseases].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Advances in nanotechnology for the diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Quantitative V gene-targeted T cell receptor sequencing as a biomarker in type 1 diabetes.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Classical HLA class II associations with ALS in Kuwait reveal a DR7-DQ2.2 risk haplotype.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- HLA class II alleles and haplotypes associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and to type 1 diabetes with concomitant autoimmune diseases: a cross-sectional study from Eastern Croatia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Beyond histocompatibility: human leukocyte antigen as a cross-disciplinary platform for immune recognition and clinical decision-making.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- TCR2HLA: Calibrated inference of HLA genotypes from TCR repertoires enables identification of immunologically relevant metaclonotypes.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- HLA-focused type 1 diabetes genetic risk prediction in populations of diverse ancestry.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Human Cancers Derived from Either Genetic or Lifestyle Factors Are Initiated by Impaired Estrogen Signaling.Cancers · 2025Review
- Article
- Sex as a modifier of genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Article
- TCR2HLA: calibrated inference of HLA genotypes from TCR repertoires enables identification of immunologically relevant metaclonotypes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Stem cell therapies for diabetes.Nature medicine · 2025Review
- Rapid Onset of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes 10 Days After the First Dose of Nivolumab: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Alcohol Consumption and Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
More than 50 years have elapsed since the association of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) was first reported. Since then, methods for identification of HLA have progressed from cell based to DNA based, and the number of recognized HLA variants has grown from a few to tens of thousands. Current genotyping methodology allows for exact identification of all HLA-encoding genes in an individual's genome, with statistical analysis methods evolving to digest the enormous amount of data that can be produced at an astonishing rate. The HLA region of the genome has been repeatedly shown to be the most important genetic risk factor for T1D, and the original reported associations have been replicated, refined, and expanded. Even with the remarkable progress through 50 years and over 5,000 reports, a comprehensive understanding of all effects of HLA on T1D remains elusive. This report represents a summary of the field as it evolved and as it stands now, enumerating many past and present challenges, and suggests possible paradigm shifts for moving forward with future studies in hopes of finally understanding all the ways in which HLA influences the pathophysiology of T1D.
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