Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39328088›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2025

Transparent MXene Microelectrode Arrays for Multimodal Mapping of Neural Dynamics.

Sneha Shankar, Yuzhang Chen, Spencer Averbeck, Quincy Hendricks, Brendan Murphy, Benjamin Ferleger, Nicolette Driscoll, Mikhail Shekhirev, Hajime Takano, Andrew Richardson and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Size Scaling of the Electrochemical Performance of TiSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Size Scaling of the Electrochemical Performance of TibioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  7. A self-wrapping, bioresorbable neural interface for wireless multimodal therapy of localized peripheral nerve injury.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Sneha ShankarDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9281-5036
Yuzhang ChenCenter for Neuroengineering & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Spencer AverbeckDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Quincy HendricksDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Brendan MurphyCenter for Neuroengineering & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Benjamin FerlegerDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Nicolette DriscollCenter for Neuroengineering & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Mikhail ShekhirevA. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Hajime TakanoDepartment of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Andrew RichardsonCenter for Neuroengineering & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Yury GogotsiA. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Flavia VitaleCenter for Neuroengineering & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8644-550X

Funding

Optimizing Optogenetics for Cell-type-specific Control in Freely-moving PrimatesR01NS123054 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MICHAEL L PLATT · 2022 to 2026
$2.9M
Validating MXene Electrodes for Next-Generation ElectroencephalographyR01NS121219 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MEDAGLIA, JOHN, VITALE, FLAVIA · 2021 to 2025
$2.3M
National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Program NNCI-2025608NIH HHS R01NS121219NIH HHS R01NS123054NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS121219NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS123054NSF CAREER 2339748
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transparent microelectrode arrays have proven useful in neural sensing, offering a clear interface for monitoring brain activity without compromising high spatial and temporal resolution. The current landscape of transparent electrode technology faces challenges in developing durable, highly transparent electrodes while maintaining low interface impedance and prioritizing scalable processing and fabrication methods. To address these limitations, we introduce artifact-resistant transparent MXene microelectrode arrays optimized for high spatiotemporal resolution recording of neural activity. With 60% transmittance at 550 nm, these arrays enable simultaneous imaging and electrophysiology for multimodal neural mapping. Electrochemical characterization shows low impedance of 563 ± 99 kΩ at 1 kHz and a charge storage capacity of 58 mC cm⁻² without chemical doping. In vivo experiments in rodent models demonstrate the transparent arrays' functionality and performance. In a rodent model of chemically-induced epileptiform activity, we tracked ictal wavefronts via calcium imaging while simultaneously recording seizure onset. In the rat barrel cortex, we recorded multi-unit activity across cortical depths, showing the feasibility of recording high-frequency electrophysiological activity. The transparency and optical absorption properties of Ti₃C₂Tx MXene microelectrodes enable high-quality recordings and simultaneous light-based stimulation and imaging without contamination from light-induced artifacts.

Indexed as

Brain MappingAnimalsMaleMicroelectrodesNitritesRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyTransition ElementsMXeneNitritesTransition Elementsmultimodal interfacesneuroelectronicsneuroengineering

Identifiers

PMID39328088
PMCPMC11804840

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.