Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39327050›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2024

Interaction between economic status and healthy lifestyle in long COVID among Chinese older population: a cross-sectional study.

Yaping Wang, Manchang Li, Bingkun Zhang, Yue Feng, Yinghui Yu, Ling Guo, Min Du, Wenxin Yan, Qiao Liu, Chenyuan Qin and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Understanding how social determinants of health shape Long COVID outcomes: a rapid review of evidence.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yaping WangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Manchang LiAnning First People's Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Bingkun ZhangAnning First People's Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Yue FengAnning First People's Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Yinghui YuAnning First People's Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Ling GuoAnning First People's Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Min DuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Wenxin YanDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2725-9840
Qiao LiuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Chenyuan QinDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Jie DengDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Chao SongAnning First People's Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China jueliu@bjmu.edu.cn chaosong_1@sina.com.
Jue LiuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China jueliu@bjmu.edu.cn chaosong_1@sina.com.ORCID 0000-0002-1938-9365

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo estimate the interaction between economic status (ES) and healthy lifestyle in long COVID among Chinese older people infected with SARS-CoV-2.

designA cross-sectional study based on the Peking University Health Cohort in Anning, Yunnan.

settingAll primary health institutions in Anning, Yunnan Province, China, from April to May 2023.

participantsA total of 4804 people aged 60 and older infected with SARS-CoV-2 were included in this study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Long COVID was measured by participants' self-reported symptoms using structured questionnaires. ES was measured by last-month personal income, and participants' ES was defined as low if their income was below the per capita monthly income of local residents. Lifestyle score was equal to the number of healthy behaviours (including smoking, drinking, weight, exercise and diet) and grouped using the median score as the cut-off point. Univariate and multivariate logistic models were employed to estimate the association of ES with long COVID. Interaction between ES and lifestyle in long COVID was assessed by multiplicative interaction term.

resultsWe enrolled a total of 4804 participants infected with SARS-CoV-2, of whom 57.3% (2754 of 4804) had at least one long COVID symptom. Fatigue (1546, 56.1%), cough (1263, 45.9%) and muscle pain (880, 32.0%) were the top three common symptoms. Patients with low ES had a 48% (adjusted OR: 1.48; 95% CI 1.22, 1.82) increased risk of long COVID. A significant interaction was observed between ES and lifestyle (p value for interaction <0.001) in long COVID.

conclusionThe interaction between ES and healthy lifestyle in long COVID was prominent. Comprehensive strengthened economic support for patients recovering from COVID-19, especially for those with low healthy lifestyle, should be implemented to prevent and manage long COVID symptoms.

Indexed as

Economic StatusHealthy LifestylePost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeAgedAged, 80 and overChinaCross-Sectional StudiesEast Asian PeopleExerciseFemaleHealth BehaviorHumansMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsSmokingAgedBehaviorChinaCOVID-19Health economics

Identifiers

PMID39327050
PMCPMC11429274

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.