ArticleThe European respiratory journal2024
Inflammatory plasma protein levels are elevated years before sarcoidosis diagnosis: a nested case-control study in Sweden.
Article in The European respiratory journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evidence for nephrolithiasis preceding sarcoidosis diagnosis: findings from a Swedish case-control study.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Systemic and local lymph node inflammation at disease onset in sarcoidosis patients.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Integrated Bioinformatics Methods Were Employed to Investigate Potential Molecular Links Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sarcoidosis.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of obstructive sleep apnoea in people with sarcoidosis: a narrative review.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Review
- An Unusual Case of Renal-Limited Sarcoidosis Presenting With Hypercalcemia of Unknown Origin: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSarcoidosis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease whose natural development is not well understood. We aimed to determine if inflammatory plasma protein levels are elevated before sarcoidosis diagnosis compared to controls. Furthermore, we investigated which proteins are increased and how long before diagnosis they are increased.
methodsCases with sarcoidosis and controls matched 2:1 on sex, birthdate, subcohort and sample date were identified in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study to perform a nested case-control study. Cases were validated and included if they provided one or more plasma samples at least 2 years before sarcoidosis diagnosis. Plasma protein levels were measured using the Olink Inflammation panel and expressed in normalised protein expression values. Unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, subcohort and time since sampling were used to estimate log odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for each protein overall and by time to diagnosis. p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg method.
resultsWe included 152 cases and 341 controls. Mean time between sample and sarcoidosis diagnosis was 13.4 years. 44 proteins were significantly elevated prior to sarcoidosis compared to controls in multivariable-adjusted analyses. The 10 proteins with the lowest p-values were CCL-3, CCL-19, cub domain-containing protein 1, CXCL9, CXCL10, interferon-γ, interleukin-12B, monocyte chemoattractant protein-3, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and TNF receptor superfamily 9. Fewer proteins were associated with sarcoidosis in samples taken longer before diagnosis. Restricting to samples taken ≥10 years prior to sarcoidosis diagnosis, 27 proteins remained statistically significant.
conclusionSeveral inflammatory proteins were elevated in plasma many years before sarcoidosis onset compared to controls, revealing a pre-clinical phase characterised by inflammation.
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