ArticleBlood advances2025
EASIX and m-EASIX predict CRS and ICANS in pediatric and AYA patients after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy.
Article in Blood advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prediction models for CAR-T Cell therapy-related adverse events in hematologic malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Predictive Models for Toxicities after CAR T-cell Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities.Blood cancer discovery · 2026Review
- Deciphering elevated risk of life-threatening hemorrhage and early death in acute myeloid leukemia with APL-like phenotype: independent role of endothelial injury and implications of EASIX-based risk stratification in a multicenter study.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- The evolving landscape of CAR T cell therapy in children and young adults with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal Cognitive Assessment After CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy: A Prospective Cohort Study.Cancers · 2026Article
- Decreased renal function predicts severe cytokine release syndrome after CAR-T-cell therapy for large B-cell lymphoma.British journal of haematology · 2026Article
- Enhancing persistence while managing cytokine release syndrome to embrace next-generation CAR-T cell therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Recent Advances in Understanding the Mechanisms of Therapy-Related Cardiovascular Events in Pediatric Hematologic Malignancies.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Preinfusion risk factors for the development of severe neurotoxicity following CART therapy in pediatric patients.HemaSphere · 2026Article
- Haemostatic changes during CART cell therapy and risk of complications.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Endotheliopathy in CAR T-Cell Therapy: Mechanistic Insights into the VWF/ADAMTS13 Axis and the Angiopoietin-Tie2 Pathway.TH open : companion journal to thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Review
- Baseline platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with severe immune effector cell-associated toxicities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients receiving anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Hyperinflammatory toxicities after Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a pediatric kidney transplant recipient.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Repurposing mitochondrial-targeting drugs for management of ICANS in CAR T-cell therapy: a novel steroid-sparing approach.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Celebrating a year of ASH Scholar awardees.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Easix Score: Its Association with Vasopressor Need in Critically Ill Septic Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Neurological complications of CAR T cell therapy for cancers.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Predicting CAR T-cell toxicity: insurance for CAR crashes.Blood advances · 2025Article
- m-EASIX (better than EASIX) predicts severe CAR T-cell toxicities, worse overall survival, and discriminates cytokine release syndrome from sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
abstractCytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) are complications of CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CD19-CAR) T-cell therapy. The Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) and modified EASIX (m-EASIX) scores have been retrospectively proven to be predictive of CRS and ICANS in adult CAR T-cell recipients. However, these scores have not been evaluated in pediatric cohorts. We retrospectively report on 76 pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with CD19-CAR T cells at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital or Johns Hopkins Hospital. Data included patient, disease, and treatment characteristics. EASIX and m-EASIX scores were calculated at days -5 before, 0, and +3 after CAR T-cell infusion. CRS and ICANS occurred in 47 and 17 patients, respectively. At all evaluated time points, the median EASIX scores were higher for patients who developed severe CRS and any grade ICANS, and the median m-EASIX scores were higher in patients who developed severe CRS and severe ICANS than those with no/mild CRS/ICANS. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that both scores were strong predictors of CRS, especially severe CRS, at all time points. Any grade and severe ICANS were best predicted by both scores at day +3. m-EASIX uniformly outperformed EASIX, except for predicting any grade ICANS. Our results validate the potential utility of EASIX and m-EASIX scores for predicting CAR T-cell-related complications for pediatric and AYA patients.
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