ReviewCellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)2025
Unraveling Th subsets: insights into their role in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Review in Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune Checkpoints in Leukaemia as Gatekeepers of Immuno-Modulation.Immunology · 2026Review
- COLEC12 promotes pancreatic cancer progression via the activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- IL-10, IL-17A, and IFN-γ as clinical early-warning indicators for severe Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis in children.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- From Immunobiology to Clinical Application: Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Melanoma.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Research Advances in Nanodrugs Targeting Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming for Colorectal Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular matrix protein 1 in cancer: multifaceted roles in tumor progression, prognosis, and therapeutic targeting.Archives of pharmacal research · 2025Review
- Research progress on treatment-associated pneumonitis in lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and immunotherapy.Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- SLC4A11 is a targetable marker correlated with therapeutic responses in ovarian cancer.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Article
- Highly expressed GCN1 is associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Observation on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Camrelizumab Combined with Chemotherapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and the Cutaneous Immune-related Adverse Events: A Retrospective Study.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- A Multifunctional Fe-EGCG@RSL3 Nanomedicine Synergizes Ferroptosis Induction and Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling for Enhanced Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Faecalcrobiota metabolites: emerging insights into cancer radiotherapy outcomes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Integrating molecular targeting and immune modulation in triple-negative breast cancer: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Macrophages in rosacea: pathogenesis and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
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Abstract
T helper (Th) cell subsets play pivotal roles in regulating immune responses within the tumor microenvironment, influencing both tumor progression and anti-tumor immunity. Among these subsets, Th1 cells promote cytotoxic responses through the production of IFN-γ, while Th2 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert immunosuppressive effects that support tumor growth. Th9 and Th17 cells have context-dependent roles, contributing to both pro-inflammatory and regulatory processes in tumor immunity. Tumor antigen-specific T cells within the tumor microenvironment often exhibit a dysfunctional phenotype due to increased expression of inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, leading to reduced antitumor activity. Monoclonal antibodies that block these inhibitory signals-collectively known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-can reactivate these T cells, enhancing their ability to target and destroy cancer cells. Recent advancements have highlighted the critical role of T helper subsets in modulating responses to ICIs, with their interactions remaining a focus of ongoing research. Both positive and negative effects of ICIs have been reported in relation to Th cell subsets, with some effects depending on the type of tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the crucial roles of different T helper cell subsets in tumor immunity and their complex relationship with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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