Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39324077›Full record

ReviewMethodsX2024

A critical review of RNN and LSTM variants in hydrological time series predictions.

Muhammad Waqas, Usa Wannasingha Humphries

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in MethodsX, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  7. Artificial intelligence-guided nutritional therapy in the ICU.Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
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  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
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  15. Review
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  18. Attention-driven deep learning models for multivariate time series forecasting of reservoir water levels.Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Muhammad WaqasThe Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
Usa Wannasingha HumphriesDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The rapid advancement in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data has developed significance in the water sector, particularly in hydrological time-series predictions. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks have become research focal points due to their effectiveness in modeling non-linear, time-variant hydrological systems. This review explores the different architectures of RNNs, LSTMs, and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) and their efficacy in predicting hydrological time-series data.•RNNs are foundational but face limitations such as vanishing gradients, which impede their ability to model long-term dependencies. LSTMs and GRUs have been developed to overcome these limitations, with LSTMs using memory cells and gating mechanisms, while GRUs provide a more streamlined architecture with similar benefits.•The integration of attention mechanisms and hybrid models that combine RNNs, LSTMs, and GRUs with other Machine learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) has improved prediction accuracy by capturing both temporal and spatial dependencies.•Despite their effectiveness, practical implementations of these models in hydrological time series prediction require extensive datasets and substantial computational resources. Future research should develop interpretable architectures, enhance data quality, incorporate domain knowledge, and utilize transfer learning to improve model generalization and scalability across diverse hydrological contexts.

Indexed as

Artificial intelligenceDeep learningHydrological predictionLong short-term memoryRecurrent neural networksRNN and LSTM variants for Time Series Prediction.

Identifiers

PMID39324077
PMCPMC11422155

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.