Prehabilitation to Enhance Vascular Surgery Outcomes: A Narrative Review.

Prehabilitation, an emerging strategy, prepares patients for elective surgery by encouraging healthy behaviors, including physical exercise and healthy nutrition, while providing psychological support, to improve postoperative outcomes and foster healthier lifestyles. Despite growing interest, there is little research on prehabilitation. Specifically, studies involving prehabilitation in vascular surgery are heterogeneous with small sample sizes. This review aimed to investigate the reported positive impact of prehabilitation on vascular surgery patients, discuss prehabilitation models, highlight prehabilitation program-associated challenges, and suggest appropriate interventions. Prehabilitation improves physical fitness, reduces postoperative complications, and enhances overall recovery. Multimodal prehabilitation programs can positively impact vascular surgery patients, with benefits including improved cardiovascular fitness, reduced postoperative complications, shorter postoperative hospital stays, enhanced overall recovery, and improved quality of life. The currently reported prehabilitation programs are heterogeneous, with limitations regarding patient adherence and lack of long-term outcomes, posing challenges to their widespread adoption. Overall, prehabilitation shows promise for improving vascular surgery outcomes and fostering long-term healthy behaviors. The systematic implementation of prehabilitation in vascular surgery care pathways, overcoming reported limitations, and integrating multimodal prehabilitation into routine preoperative care hold potential benefits. This review underscores the need for high-quality research to establish best practices in prehabilitation and integrate them into the standard of care for vascular surgery patients.