Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39323013›Full record

ArticleMolecular oncology2025

CASCADES, a novel SOX2 super-enhancer-associated long noncoding RNA, regulates cancer stem cell specification and differentiation in glioblastoma.

Uswa Shahzad, Marina Nikolopoulos, Christopher Li, Michael Johnston, Jenny J Wang, Nesrin Sabha, Frederick S Varn, Alexandra Riemenschneider, Stacey Krumholtz, Pranathi Meda Krishnamurthy and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Uswa ShahzadFaculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada.
Marina NikolopoulosFaculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1907-0116
Christopher LiArthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Michael JohnstonCharbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.
Jenny J WangArthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Nesrin SabhaProgram for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Frederick S VarnThe Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
Alexandra RiemenschneiderFaculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada.
Stacey KrumholtzArthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Pranathi Meda KrishnamurthyRNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Christian A SmithArthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Jason KaramchandaniMontreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Canada.
Jonathan K WattsRNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Roel G W VerhaakThe Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
Marco GalloCharbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.
James T RutkaFaculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada.
Sunit DasFaculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2146-4168

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of just over 1 year. The failure of available treatments to achieve remission in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) has been attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are thought to play a central role in tumor development and progression and serve as a treatment-resistant cell repository capable of driving tumor recurrence. In fact, the property of "stemness" itself may be responsible for treatment resistance. In this study, we identify a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), cancer stem cell-associated distal enhancer of SOX2 (CASCADES), that functions as an epigenetic regulator in glioma CSCs (GSCs). CASCADES is expressed in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type GBM and is significantly enriched in GSCs. Knockdown of CASCADES in GSCs results in differentiation towards a neuronal lineage in a cell- and cancer-specific manner. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that CASCADES functions as a super-enhancer-associated lncRNA epigenetic regulator of SOX2. Our findings identify CASCADES as a critical regulator of stemness in GSCs that represents a novel epigenetic and therapeutic target for disrupting the CSC compartment in glioblastoma.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsCell DifferentiationEnhancer Elements, GeneticGlioblastomaNeoplastic Stem CellsRNA, Long NoncodingSOXB1 Transcription FactorsCell Line, TumorEpigenesis, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansRNA, Long NoncodingSOX2 protein, humanSOXB1 Transcription Factorscancer stem cellscell differentiationenhancerslong noncoding RNASOX2super‐enhancers

Identifiers

PMID39323013
PMCPMC11887672

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.