Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39321918›Full record

ArticleWorld neurosurgery2025

Brain Metastases from Esophageal Cancer: A Retrospective Review from a Single Institution.

Gavin C Touponse, Guan Li, Jesse W Tai, Adrian J Rodrigues, Monica Granucci, Georgiana Burnside, Hriday P Bhambhvani, Summer S Han, Hanlee P Ji, Melanie Hayden Gephart

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in World neurosurgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Gavin C TouponseDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Guan LiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Jesse W TaiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Adrian J RodriguesDepartment of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Monica GranucciDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Georgiana BurnsideDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Hriday P BhambhvaniDepartment of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
Summer S HanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Hanlee P JiDivision of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Melanie Hayden GephartDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. Electronic address: mghayden@stanford.edu.

Funding

TOOLKIT CoreU54CA261717 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Melanie Hayden Gephart · 2021 to 2026
$8.9M
NCI NIH HHS U54 CA261717
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPatients with brain metastases (BrMs) from esophageal cancer have poor prognosis, the incidence of which is expected to rise due to improved survival from the primary tumor and increased neuroimaging. We aimed to identify patient and esophageal cancer characteristics associated with longer survival in patients with BrMs and, secondly, to compare the prognosis of patients with HER2 overexpression.

methodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with BrMs from esophageal cancer at a single institution from 2008-2021. We collected patient demographics, primary tumor and BrM characteristics, and treatment. Our primary outcome was median survival from the time of BrM.

resultsThe median age at primary diagnosis was 66.5 years and 86% were male. Of the 49 patients, 71% had adenocarcinoma, 20% squamous cell carcinoma and 8% other. In this group, 71% of patients presented with stage III or IV disease, including 16% with synchronous primary metastatis and BrM. The median time to BrM was 10.1 months (interquartile range 1.7-22.8) and the median survival from BrM was 8.4 months (95% CI 4.8-16.8 months). On multivariable analysis, treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.19; P = 0.04), surgical resection (HR 0.24; P = 0.03), and immunotherapy (HR 0.19; P = 0.04) were associated with increased survival while Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≤70 (HR = 13.2; P < 0.001) was associated with decreased survival. HER2 overexpression was found in 22% of patients, but we noted no survival difference (5.2 months HER2+ vs. 9.8 months HER2neg; P = 0.95).

conclusionsThe median survival from esophageal-to-brain metastasis was 8.4 months. Patients with a single lesion, KPS score >70, and treatment with surgical resection was correlated with improved survival. Further, HER2+ patients had distinct patient and BrM characteristics.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsEsophageal NeoplasmsAdenocarcinomaAgedErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRadiosurgeryRetrospective StudiesERBB2 protein, humanErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesBrain metastasesEsophageal cancerGastrointestinal cancerHER2Outcomes

Identifiers

PMID39321918
PMCPMC12348438

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.