ArticleJAMA network open2024
Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphate Flame-Retardant Metabolites in the US Population.
Article in JAMA network open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Exposure to second-generation flame retardants and risk of metabolic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Prenatal exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers and maternal immune responses in three ECHO cohorts.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Integrated network toxicology and bioinformatics approaches explore potential mechanisms linking organophosphate flame retardant exposure to rheumatoid arthritis.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Environmental exposures and pediatric kidney health.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Hepatotoxicity of chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants (Cl-OPFRs): a comprehensive review.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Association between organophosphorus flame retardant exposure and chronic kidney disease in U.S. adults: NHANES data from 2011 to 2016.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and child cognition: Findings from the environmental influences on child Health Outcomes cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2026Article
- Associations between brominated and organophosphate flame retardant levels and inflammatory biomarkers in maternal blood, cord blood, and placental tissue at mid-gestation.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic and racial-ethnic disparities in flame retardant exposure and executive function skills in preschool children.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- Breathing hazards: Perspective on the adverse health effects of organophosphate flame retardants.Journal of hazardous materials advances · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Flame Retardant Toxicity and Their Impacts on Anxiety and Cognition in the Brain.Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Associations of Obesity, Inflammatory Indicators, and Serum Testosterone in Adult Males: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on NHANES 2011-2016 and 2021-2023.American journal of men's healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are an important group of pollutants associated with endocrine disorders, cancer, and nephrotoxicity. However, temporal trends in OPFR metabolite concentrations remain understudied. Objectives: To examine changes in urinary concentrations of OPFR metabolites among US children, youths, and adults from 2011 to 2020, and to evaluate whether sociodemographic factors were associated with variations in temporal trends. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based cross-sectional study used data from 4 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2020 [to March 2020 before the COVID-19 pandemic]). The study included children and youths (aged 6-19 years) and adults (aged ≥20 years) with valid urinary concentrations of the following OPFR metabolites: bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEtP), bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP), diphenyl phosphate (DPhP), and dibutyl phosphate (DBuP). Data analysis was performed between February and May 2024. Exposures: Calendar year and key sociodemographic subgroups (age, race and ethnicity, sex, educational attainment, and poverty-to-income ratio). Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was urinary concentrations of OPFR metabolites among children, youths, and adults. Survey-weighted linear regression models were applied to estimate trends. Results: The study population of 10 549 NHANES participants included 3154 children and youths (mean [SE] age, 12.5 [0.1] years; 51.2% were male) and 7395 adults (mean [SE] age, 47.8 [0.4] years; 52.0% were women). Among children and youths, mean (95% CI) BCEtP concentrations decreased from 0.68 (0.60-0.77) μg/L in 2011-2012 to 0.41 (0.37-0.45) μg/L in 2017-2020 (P for trend < .001). Among adults, mean (95% CI) BCEtP concentrations decreased from 0.43 (0.37-0.50) μg/L in 2011-2012 to 0.29 (0.27-0.33) μg/L in 2017-2020 (P for trend < .001), and mean BCPP concentrations decreased from 0.15 (0.14-0.17) μg/L to 0.13 (0.12-0.14) μg/L (P for trend = .002). Parent level of educational attainment was associated with concentrations of BCPP and BCEtP among children and youths; however, no significant differences among adults were observed. Conclusions and Relevance: This study identified variations in temporal trends in urinary concentrations of OPFR metabolites among the US population from 2011 to 2020. In addition, substantial disparities in exposure levels persisted among children with different levels of parent educational attainment. These findings suggest that policy makers should consider socioeconomic factors to further reduce OPFR exposure and promote equity, ensuring a safe living environment for all individuals.
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