Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39318832›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2024

Differences in cardiovascular risk factors associated with sex and gender identity, but not gender expression, in young, healthy cisgender adults.

Jennifer S Williams, Elise Wiley, Jem L Cheng, Jenna C Stone, William Bostad, Joshua M Cherubini, Martin J Gibala, Ada Tang, Maureen J MacDonald

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jennifer S WilliamsVascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Elise WileySchool of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Jem L ChengVascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Jenna C StoneVascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
William BostadHuman Performance Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Joshua M CherubiniVascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Martin J GibalaHuman Performance Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Ada TangSchool of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Maureen J MacDonaldVascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Sex differences exist in cardiovascular disease risk factors including elevated blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and decreased endothelial function in males compared to females. Feminine gender expression may be associated with elevated risk of acute coronary syndrome. However, no study has investigated the associations between sex, gender identity, and gender expression and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults. Methods: One hundred and thirty participants (22 ± 3 years) underwent assessments of hemodynamics, arterial stiffness [pulse wave velocity (PWV)], and brachial artery endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation; %FMD). Participants completed a questionnaire capturing sex category (50 male/80 female), gender identity category (49 men/79 women/2 non-binary), and aspects of gender expression assessed by the Bem Sex Role Inventory-30 (39 androgynous/33 feminine/29 masculine/29 undifferentiated). Sex/gender identity category groups were compared using unpaired Results: Resting systolic and mean arterial pressure ( Conclusions: Sex/gender identity category, but not gender expression, influence cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, arterial stiffness, endothelial function) in cisgender adults; further research is needed in gender-diverse populations.

Indexed as

arterial stiffnessblood pressurecardiovascular disease riskendothelial functionflow-mediated dilationpulse wave velocitysex and gender-based analysissex differences

Identifiers

PMID39318832
PMCPMC11420989

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.