Blended natural and synthetic coagulants for the COD and BOD removal from surface water; optimization by response surface methodology: The case of Gibe river.

Yared Endale, Zerihun Asmelash Samuel, Seifu Kebede, Abreham Bekele Bayu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yared EndaleJimma Institute of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Zerihun Asmelash SamuelJimma Institute of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Seifu KebedeJimma Institute of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Abreham Bekele BayuJimma Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A novel wastewater treatment method is presented in this study. It combines natural coagulants derived from watermelon seeds with the commonly used synthetic coagulant alum. This research demonstrates a remarkable synergy between these two coagulants in removing nutrients from Gibe River wastewater. Combining natural and chemical coagulants often improves water treatment by enhancing particle destabilization, accelerating floc formation, and broadening the range of removable contaminants, resulting in lower chemical dosage requirements. The optimal mixing ratio, found to be 1 part watermelon seed coagulant to 3 parts alum, leads to improved treatment efficiency. At this ratio, the process achieves impressive removal rates: 98.26 % for total dissolved solids (TDS), 96.10 % for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and 95.26 % for chemical oxygen demand (COD). These findings not only validate the use of watermelon seeds as a coagulant but also highlight the combined approach's environmental and economic benefits. This integrated method offers a more sustainable and cost-effective solution for wastewater treatment.

Indexed as

Natural coagulantsResponse surface methodologySynthetic coagulantWatermelon seed

Identifiers

PMID39318808

DOI10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37961

PMCPMC11420472

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Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.