ArticlePsychiatry and clinical neurosciences2024
Possible association of elevated CSF IL-6 levels with anxiety and frustration in psychiatric disorders.
Article in Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phocaeicola vulgatus improves anxiety-like behavior by ameliorating amygdala neuroinflammation and the neurite impairment in IBS.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Distinct Biomarker Patterns Reveal Metabolic-Inflammatory Profiles Across Mental Disorders.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Interleukin-6, anxiety, and pre-treatment malnutrition in locally advanced head and neck cancer: a psychoneuroimmunological analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Markers of neuroinflammation in the CSF of patients with difficult to treat psychiatric disease.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Linking Metabolic Disorders and Immune System Phenomena in Schizophrenia: The Role of Adipose Tissue and Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
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11 authors.
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Abstract
aimNeuroinflammation is an important causal factor for a variety of psychiatric disorders. We previously reported increased cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels in patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. The present study aimed to examine the possible association of interleukin-6 levels with anxiety and frustration, negative valence symptoms shared in various psychiatric disorders.
methodsWe included 129 patients with psychiatric disorders and 70 controls. CSF and plasma interleukin-6 levels were measured by immunoassay kits, and psychological symptoms were assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale. To examine regional cerebral blood flow, patients underwent arterial spin labeling analysis using magnetic resonance imaging.
resultsCerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels were significantly correlated with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-trait anxiety (r = 0.25, P = 0.046) and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale-autonomy frustration scores (r = 0.29, P = 0.018). Patients with abnormally high cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels (defined >97.5 percentile of the controls) had higher scores for trait anxiety (P = 0.035) and autonomy frustration (P = 0.026), and significantly increased regional cerebral blood flow in the left superior temporal gyrus, bilateral nucleus accumbens, and cerebellum than the remaining patients.
conclusionPatients with elevated cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 constitute a subpopulation of psychiatric disorders associated with anxiety and autonomy frustration, which may be related to altered functions in specific brain areas.
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