ArticleCell reports. Medicine2024
Pig-to-human kidney xenotransplants using genetically modified minipigs.
Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Genome-Wide Association and Meta-Analysis Identify Candidate Genes for Sperm Freezability in Duroc and Yorkshire Boars.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Canonical Wnt pathway mediates catalpol-induced epithelial differentiation of porcine metanephric mesenchymal cells.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Nephrology 2050: an evidence-informed roadmap from precision prevention to kidney regeneration.International urology and nephrology · 2026Review
- Public awareness and acceptance of xenotransplantation in China: a cross-sectional survey.BMC medical ethics · 2026Article
- Application strategies of autologous and decellularized nerve grafts: Structural and functional recovery.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Bridging Kidney Organoid Innovation and Regenerative Medicine: Current Advances and Future Directions.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Characteristics between porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Journal of animal science and technology · 2026Article
- Swine Leukocyte Antigen-12 Behaves Like a Swine Leukocyte Antigen Classical Class I Protein and is a Potential Xenoantigen in Humans.Transplantation direct · 2026Article
- Transgenic expression of human CD47 on pig cells provides only partial protection against human macrophage-mediated destruction in human immune system mice.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026Article
- Xenotransplantation in Nephrology: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Animal models of critical illness in the Asia-Pacific region: current practices, shared challenges, and future directions.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Review
- Present Advances and Emerging Challenges in Kidney Xenotransplantation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- The CD40-CD154 axis in transplantation: from immunobiology to therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Glycan-encoded immune checkpoints and allorecognition: a mechanistic framework for transplantation and organ engineering.Frontiers in transplantation · 2026Review
- Development of a BM7G(TKO/hCD46/hCD55/hTHBD/hEPCR) donor pig with endogenous promoter-driven transgenes for xenotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immune profiling in a living human recipient of a gene-edited pig kidney.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of primate anti-pig xenoreactive immune responses using immortalized aortic endothelial cells from genetically modified pigs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Modern xenotransplantation: rewiring glycan-mediated immunogenicity via genome-glycome convergence.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study develops an observational model to assess kidney function recovery and xenogeneic immune responses in kidney xenotransplants, focusing on gene editing and immunosuppression. Two brain-dead patients undergo single kidney xenotransplantation, with kidneys donated by minipigs genetically modified to include triple-gene knockouts (GGTA1, β4GalNT2, CMAH) and human gene transfers (hCD55 or hCD55/hTBM). Renal xenograft functions are fully restored; however, immunosuppression without CD40-CD154 pathway blockade is ineffective in preventing acute rejection by day 12. This rejection manifests as both T cell-mediated rejection and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), confirmed by natural killer (NK) cell and macrophage infiltration in sequential xenograft biopsies. Despite donor pigs being pathogen free before transplantation, xenografts and recipient organs test positive for porcine cytomegalovirus/porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV) by the end of the observation period, indicating reactivation and contributing to significant immunopathological changes. This study underscores the critical need for extended clinical observation and comprehensive evaluation using deceased human models to advance xenograft success.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.