ArticleDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2025
Natural history of cerebral visual impairment in children with cerebral palsy.
Article in Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prediction tool for independent walking in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a modeling study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Persistence of higher visual function deficits in adults with early-onset cerebral visual impairment: A comparative study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Cerebral visual impairment is permanent but not unchanging.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025Article
- Natural history of cerebral visual impairment in children with cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025Article
- Vestibulo-Oculomotor Reflex Dysfunction in Children with Cerebral Palsy Correlates with Gross Motor Function Classification System.Audiology research · 2025Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
aimTo longitudinally evaluate the natural history of cerebral visual impairment (CVI) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and identify which early visual signs or symptoms are associated with cognitive visual disorders (CVDs) at school age.
methodFifty-one individuals with CP and CVI underwent an ophthalmological, oculomotor, and basic visual function evaluation at three time points: T0 (6-35 months old); T1 (3-5 years old); and T2 (≥6 years old). We also performed a cognitive visual evaluation at T2. Logistic regression fitted using a generalized estimation equation (binary) and cumulative link models (ordinal) were used to model the outcomes of interest.
resultsOphthalmological deficits were stable over time, except for ocular fundus abnormalities (T1-T0, p = 0.01; T2-T1, p = 0.02; T2-T0, p < 0.01) and strabismus, whose frequency increased with age (T2-T0, p= 0.02 with T2-T0, p = 0.05). Conversely, fixation (T1-T0, T2-T0, p < 0.01), smooth pursuit (T2-T1, T2-T0, p < 0.01), saccades (T1-T0, T2-T1, T2-T0, p < 0.01), as well as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual field (T1-T0, T2-T0, p < 0.01) all improved over time. Early oculomotor dysfunction was associated with CVD at T2.
interpretationAlthough a diagnosis of CVI was confirmed in all children at each time point, several visual signs and symptoms improved over time; in some cases, they reached complete recovery at T1 and T2. These results emphasize the 'permanent' but 'not unchanging' nature of the CVI associated with CP during development.
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