Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39316484›Full record

ArticleIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering2025

BLEscope: A Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Microscope for Wireless Multicontrast Functional Imaging.

Subhrajit Das, Janaka Senarathna, Yunke Ren, Vu Dinh, Mingyao Ying, Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Arvind P Pathak

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Subhrajit Das
Janaka Senarathna
Yunke Ren
Vu Dinh
Mingyao Ying
Ralph Etienne-Cummings
Arvind P Pathak

Funding

Multiscale Image-based Modeling of Antiangiogenic Resistance in Breast CancerR01CA196701 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Arvind P Pathak · 2015 to 2026
$3.6M
Next-Gen Oncosurveillance: Wireless Multi-Function Microscopy of In Vivo Brain Cancer DynamicsR01CA237597 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Arvind P Pathak · 2020 to 2026
$2.6M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA196701NCI NIH HHS R01 CA237597
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent advances in low-power wireless-capable system-on-chips (SoCs) have accelerated diverse Internet of Things (IoT) applications, encompassing wearables, asset monitoring, and more. Concurrently, the field of neuroimaging has experienced escalating demand for lightweight, untethered, low-power systems capable of imaging in small animals. This article explores the feasibility of using a low-power asset monitoring system as the basis of a new architecture for fluorescence and hemodynamic contrast-based wireless functional imaging. The core system architecture hinges on the fusion of a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 5.2 SoC and a low-power 560 × 560, 8-bit monochrome CMOS image sensor module. Successful integration of a multicontrast optical front-end consisting of a fluorescence channel (FL) and an intrinsic optical signal (IOS) channel resulted in the creation of a wireless microscope called 'BLEscope'. Next, we developed a wireless (i.e., BLE) protocol to remotely operate the BLEscope via a laptop and acquire in vivo images at 1 frame per second (fps). We then conducted a comprehensive characterization of the BLEscope to assess its optical capabilities and power consumption. We report a new benchmark for continuous wireless imaging of ∼1.5 hours with a 100 mAh battery. Via the FL channel of the BLEscope, we successfully tracked the kinetics of an intravenously injected fluorescent tracer and acquired images of fluorescent brain tumor cells in vivo. Via the IOS channel, we characterized the differential response of normal and tumor-associated blood vessels to a carbogen gas inhalation challenge. When miniaturized, the BLEscope will result in a new class of low-power, implantable or wireless microscopes that could transform preclinical and clinical neuroimaging applications.

Indexed as

MicroscopySignal Processing, Computer-AssistedWireless TechnologyAnimalsBrainEquipment DesignMice

Identifiers

PMID39316484
PMCPMC11881513

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.