Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39316360›Full record

ArticleCommunity mental health journal2025

Racialized Immigrants' Encounters of Barriers and Facilitators in Seeking Mental Healthcare Services in Ontario, Canada.

Zoha Salam, Mirna Carranza, Bruce Newbold, Olive Wahoush, Ameil Joseph

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Article in Community mental health journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zoha SalamFaculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. zohas@mcmaster.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-4962-678X
Mirna CarranzaSchool of Social Work, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Bruce NewboldSchool of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Olive WahoushSchool of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Ameil JosephSchool of Social Work, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Racialized immigrants have low rates of accessing mental healthcare services. However, there are notable differences among immigrant groups (e.g., refugees, international students, dependants). The aim of this study is to understand racialized immigrants' experiences of accessing mental healthcare services at both systemic and individual levels. Through a qualitative descriptive methodology, interviews were conducted in English with 16 racialized immigrants to understand barriers and facilitators encountered. Additionally, focusing on how cultural and social conceptualizations ideas shape mental healthcare services. Interviews were analyzed through Braun & Clarke's six-step method to reflexive thematic analysis in identifying factors. Three major themes were identified: structural constraints, individual influences, and appraisal of services. With the first, racialized immigrants signaled to issues related to the systemic level that included affordability, wait times, and trust in the system. Individual influences highlighted factors of mental health literacy, social supports, stigma, severity of the issues, and awareness of services themselves. Lastly, extending on the previous theme, appraisal of services was reflective of how social and cultural ideals shaped attitudes towards the appropriateness of the provider or services themselves. The findings from this paper emphasize that racialized immigrants are not homogenous in their experiences and attitudes towards mental healthcare services. While there were similarities across different groups in the individual and systemic factors identified, there were key distinctions driven by appraisal of services themselves and if they were congruent based on their needs, more specifically, what was contributing to their negative mental health status.

Indexed as

Emigrants and ImmigrantsHealth Services AccessibilityMental Health ServicesPatient Acceptance of Health CareAdultFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedOntarioQualitative ResearchSocial StigmaSocial SupportYoung AdultHealth policyImmigrant healthMental healthcareService delivery

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.