ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2024
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with antibody-related autoimmune encephalitis presenting with disorders of consciousness: A prospective cohort study.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Capturing what matters: Patient-reported LGI1-ANTibody encephalitis outcome RatiNg scale (LANTERN).Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Risk factors for central hypoventilation in anti-Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Impact of sex differences on clinical characteristics of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis during the acute phase: a single-center retrospective study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with antibody-related autoimmune encephalitis presenting with disorders of consciousness: A prospective cohort study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
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Abstract
objectiveTo explore the clinical characteristics, short- and long-term functional outcomes, and risk factors for antibody-related autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC).
methodsClinical data were collected from AE patients admitted to Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2012 to December 2021, and patients were followed up for up to 24 months after immunotherapy.
resultsA total of 312 patients with AE were included: 197 (63.1%) with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, 71 (22.8%) with anti-LGI1 encephalitis, 20 (6.4%) with anti-GABAbR encephalitis, 10 (3.2%) with anti-CASPR2 encephalitis, 10 (3.2%) with anti-GAD65 encephalitis, and 4 (1.3%) with anti-AMPAR2 encephalitis. Among these patients, 32.4% (101/312) presented with DoC, and the median (interquartile range, IQR) time to DoC was 16 (7.5, 32) days. DoC patients had higher rates of various clinical features of AE (p < .05). DoC was associated with elevated lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, CSF leukocyte count, and specific antibody titer (p < .05). A high percentage of patients in the DoC group had a poor prognosis at discharge and at 6 months after immunotherapy (p < .001), but no significant difference in prognosis was noted between the DoC group and the non-DoC group at 12 and 24 months after immunotherapy. Dyskinesia (OR = 3.266, 95% CI: 1.550-6.925, p = .002), autonomic dysfunction (OR = 5.871, 95% CI: 2.574-14.096, and p < .001), increased CSF pressure (OR = 1.007, 95% CI: 1.001-1.014, p = .046), and modified Rankin scale (mRS) score ≥3 at the initiation of immunotherapy (OR = 7.457, 95% CI: 3.225-18.839, p < .001) were independent risk factors for DoC in AE patients.
conclusionDoC is a relatively common clinical symptom in patients with AE, especially critically ill patients. Despite requiring longer hospitalization, DoC mostly improves with treatment of the primary disease and has a good long-term prognosis after aggressive life support and combination immunotherapy.
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