ArticleNucleic acids research2024
Phage defence loci of Streptococcus thermophilus-tip of the anti-phage iceberg?
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative genomics and methylome profiling ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Diversity and prevalence of dairy streptococcal phages in two European dairy fermentation facilities over a one-year period.Microbial genomics · 2026Article
- Defense Systems and Prophage Detection in Streptococcus mutans Strains.Molecular oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Genomics of Irish swine-derivedMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- The cell surface-associated rhamnose-glucose polysaccharide represents the receptor ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Lactococcal mobile genetic elements harbour a diverse phage defensome rich in restriction-modification systems.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Strengthening phage resistance of Streptococcus thermophilus by leveraging complementary defense systems.Nature communications · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteria possess (bacterio)phage defence systems to ensure their survival. The thermophilic lactic acid bacterium, Streptococcus thermophilus, which is used in dairy fermentations, harbours multiple CRISPR-Cas and restriction and modification (R/M) systems to protect itself against phage attack, with limited reports on other types of phage-resistance. Here, we describe the systematic identification and functional analysis of the phage resistome of S. thermophilus using a collection of 27 strains as representatives of the species. In addition to CRISPR-Cas and R/M systems, we uncover nine distinct phage-resistance systems including homologues of Kiwa, Gabija, Dodola, defence-associated sirtuins and classical lactococcal/streptococcal abortive infection systems. The genes encoding several of these newly identified S. thermophilus antiphage systems are located in proximity to the genetic determinants of CRISPR-Cas systems thus constituting apparent Phage Defence Islands. Other phage-resistance systems whose encoding genes are not co-located with genes specifying CRISPR-Cas systems may represent anchors to identify additional Defence Islands harbouring, as yet, uncharacterised phage defence systems. We estimate that up to 2.5% of the genetic material of the analysed strains is dedicated to phage defence, highlighting that phage-host antagonism plays an important role in driving the evolution and shaping the composition of dairy streptococcal genomes.
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