ArticleACS biomaterials science & engineering2025
Induced Extracellular Ice Nucleation Protects Cocultured Spheroid Interior and Exterior during Cryopreservation.
Article in ACS biomaterials science & engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Cryopreservation of Avian Erythrocytes Using Macromolecular Cryoprotectants.ACS polymers Au · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Spheroids and other 3D cellular models more accurately recapitulate physiological responses when compared to 2D models and represent potential alternatives to animal testing. The cryopreservation of spheroids remains challenging, limiting their wider use. Standard DMSO-only cryopreservation results in supercooling to low subzero temperatures, reducing viability, shedding surface cells, and perforating spheroid interiors. Here, cocultured spheroids with differentially labeled outer cell layers allow spatial evaluation of the protective effect of macromolecular ice nucleators by microscopy and histology. Extracellular nucleation is shown to reduce damage to both interior and exterior regions of the spheroids, which will support the development of "off-the-shelf" 3D models.
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