Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39314938›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2024

Quantifying physical degradation alongside recording and stimulation performance of 980 intracortical microelectrodes chronically implanted in three humans for 956-2246 days.

D A Bjånes, S Kellis, R Nickl, B Baker, T Aflalo, L Bashford, S Chivukula, M S Fifer, L E Osborn, B Christie and 12 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

D A BjånesDepartment of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
S KellisDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC; Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
R NicklDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA 20723.
B BakerElectrical and Computer Engineering Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
T AflaloDepartment of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
L BashfordFaculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
S ChivukulaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90027.
M S FiferResearch and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA 20723.
L E OsbornDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106.
B ChristieResearch and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA 20723.
B A WesterResearch and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA 20723.
P A CelnikShirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Il, USA 60611.
D KramerDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Colorado Hospital, CO, 80045, USA.
K PejsaDepartment of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
N E CroneDepartment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA 20723.
W S AndersonDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Laurel, MD, USA 20723.
N PouratianDepartment of Neurological Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
B LeeDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC; Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
C Y LiuUSC Neurorestoration Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC; Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
F TenoreResearch and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA 20723.
L RiethMechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
R A AndersenDepartment of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

Funding

Smart MEMS recording systems for visual cortical studiesR01EY015545 · NEI · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI ANDERSEN, RICHARD A · 2005 to 2020
$9.6M
Supplement to Assess the MRI Safety of an Intracranial Auditory Nerve ImplantUG3NS107688 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI ADAMS, MEREDITH EVELYN, FRANKLIN, ROBERT KYLE · 2018 to 2022
$7.0M
Visuomotor Prosthetic for ParalysisUG1EY032039 · NEI · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI RICHARD A ANDERSEN · 2021 to 2026
$4.8M
Sensory Motor Transformations in Human CortexU01NS123127 · NINDS · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI ANDERSEN, RICHARD A · 2021 to 2025
$4.6M
Dexterous BMIs for tetraplegic humans utilizing somatosensory cortex stimulationU01NS098975 · NINDS · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI ANDERSEN, RICHARD A · 2016 to 2018
$2.4M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY015545NEI NIH HHS UG1 EY032039NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS098975NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS123127NINDS NIH HHS UG3 NS107688
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Motivation: The clinical success of brain-machine interfaces depends on overcoming both biological and material challenges to ensure a long-term stable connection for neural recording and stimulation. Therefore, there is a need to quantify any damage that microelectrodes sustain when they are chronically implanted in the human cortex. Methods: Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we imaged 980 microelectrodes from Neuroport arrays chronically implanted in the cortex of three people with tetraplegia for 956-2246 days. We analyzed eleven multi-electrode arrays in total: eight arrays with platinum (Pt) electrode tips and three with sputtered iridium oxide tips (SIROF); one Pt array was left in sterile packaging, serving as a control. The arrays were implanted/explanted across three different clinical sites surgeries (Caltech/UCLA, Caltech/USC and APL/Johns Hopkins) in the anterior intraparietal area, Brodmann's area 5, motor cortex, and somatosensory cortex.Human experts rated the electron micrographs of electrodes with respect to five damage metrics: the loss of metal at the electrode tip, the amount of separation between the silicon shank and tip metal, tissue adherence or bio-material to the electrode, damage to the shank insulation and silicone shaft. These metrics were compared to functional outcomes (recording quality, noise, impedance and stimulation ability). Results: Despite higher levels of physical degradation, SIROF electrodes were twice as likely to record neural activity than Pt electrodes (measured by SNR), at the time of explant. Additionally, 1 kHz impedance (measured in vivo prior to explant) significantly correlated with all physical damage metrics, recording, and stimulation performance for SIROF electrodes (but not Pt), suggesting a reliable measurement of Conclusions: These findings link quantitative measurements, such as impedance, to the physical condition of the microelectrodes and their capacity to record and stimulate. These data could lead to improved manufacturing or novel electrode designs to improve long-term performance of BMIs making them are vitally important as multi-year clinical trials of BMIs are becoming more common.

Identifiers

PMID39314938
PMCPMC11419230

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.