Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39314332›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2024

Electromagnetic waves destabilize the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and reduce SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle (SC2-VLP) infectivity.

Skyler Granatir, Francisco M Acosta, Christina Pantoja, Johann Tailor, Angus Fuori, Bill Dower, Henry Marr, Peter W Ramirez

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Skyler GranatirEpirus Inc., Torrance, California, USA.
Francisco M AcostaDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.ORCID 0009-0003-4896-4036
Christina PantojaDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-9363-1412
Johann TailorDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.ORCID 0000-0003-1883-4284
Angus FuoriDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.ORCID 0009-0006-9987-4112
Bill DowerEpirus Inc., Torrance, California, USA.
Henry MarrEpirus Inc., Torrance, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2498-9752
Peter W RamirezDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.ORCID 0000-0003-2388-9140

Funding

Bridges to the Doctorate Research Training Program at California State University Long BeachT32GM138075 · NIGMS · CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY LONG BEACH · PI BRUSSLAN, JUDY ANN, MOTA-BRAVO, LUIS M · 2021 to 2025
$2.1M
Determining the role of AnnexinA2 in HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 assemblyR16AI184450 · NIAID · CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY LONG BEACH · PI PETER William RAMIREZ · 2024 to 2026
$557k
NIAID NIH HHS R16 AI184450NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM138075
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infection and transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to pose a global public health concern. Using electromagnetic waves represents an alternative strategy to inactivate pathogenic viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and reduce overall transmission. However, whether electromagnetic waves reduce SARS-CoV-2 infectivity is unclear. Here, we adapted a coplanar waveguide (CPW) to identify electromagnetic waves that could neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (SC2-VLPs). Treatment of SC2-VLPs, particularly at frequencies between 2.5-3.5 GHz at an electric field of 400 V/m for 2 minutes, reduced infectivity. Exposure to a frequency of 3.1 GHz decreased the binding of SC2-VLPs to antibodies directed against the Spike S1 subunit receptor binding domain (RBD). These results suggest that electromagnetic waves alter the conformation of Spike, thereby reducing viral attachment to host cell receptors. Overall, this data provides proof-of-concept in using electromagnetic waves for sanitation and prevention efforts to curb the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other pathogenic enveloped viruses.

Indexed as

Coplanar WaveguideElectromagnetic WavesSanitationSARS-CoV-2SpikeTransmission

Identifiers

PMID39314332
PMCPMC11418983

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.