ArticleBMC veterinary research2024
Anatomical, histological, and scanning electron microscopic features of the esophagus and crop in young and adult domestic pigeons (Columba livia Domestica).
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gross and microscopic anatomical study of the esophagus in Gasgie ecotype chickens in the Alefa District, Northwest Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dynamic Changes in the Crop Milk and Salivary Microbiota of Breeding Pigeons During the Raising Brooding Period.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Comparative genomics of the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis reveals genes involved in spillover from birds to humans.Nature communications · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundPigeons (Columba livia) are mainly raised as a source of animal protein, racing, leisure and as an experimental animal. The present study investigated the morphology of the esophagus in the young and adult domestic pigeon, Columba livia domestica.
methodsTen young and ten adult, normal, and healthy pigeons were collected from the local breeders. Samples from different parts of esophagus and crop were examined grossly, by stereomicroscopy, scanning and light microscopy.
resultsThe esophagus consisted of a long cervical part, a crop, and a short thoracic part. The crop was represented by a thin-walled outpouching with two lateral diverticula. The mucosa presented wavy fine folds in the cervical esophagus, irregular folds in the lateral diverticula giving it a corrugated appearance, and prominent longitudinal folds with several gland openings in the middle and lower parts of the crop, as well as in the thoracic esophagus. The density of gland openings was higher in adult pigeons than that in young pigeons. The mucosa of the esophagus was lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The shape, height, and branching of the mucosal folds differed between young and adult pigeons. Mucous-secreting alveoli were detected in the middle part of the crop as well as in the thoracic esophagus, but not in the cervical esophagus or lateral diverticula of the crop.
conclusionThe variations between the young and adult pigeons suggest a functional adaptation of adult pigeons to their diet compared to young pigeons.
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