ArticleJournal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA2025
Plate osteosynthesis of phalanx fractures using wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet technique is cost-effective and associated with less postoperative pain.
Article in Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- WALANT Versus Sedation for Hand Trauma: A Comparative Cost Analysis in a Portuguese Public Hospital.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Economic benefits of WALANT anaesthesia in metacarpal and phalangeal fracture surgery.The Journal of hand surgery, European volume · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundThe wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) technique, which is based on the local infiltration of lidocaine and epinephrine, is widely used in hand and wrist surgery. However, few studies have been conducted on the cost-benefit analysis of phalanx fracture surgery using the WALANT technique. This study aimed to investigate the clinical condition, as well as the time spent for anesthesia and operation. We also performed an economic analysis to compare general anesthesia, local anesthesia with a tourniquet, and the WALANT technique for plate fixation of phalanx fractures.
methodsThis retrospective study included all patients with single phalanx fractures who underwent open reduction internal fixation with plating between January 2015 and December 2019. Patients were divided into three groups according to the anesthesia method: general anesthesia with a tourniquet (GA group), local anesthesia with a tourniquet (LA group), and the WALANT technique (WALANT group). Data, including demographics, anesthesia and surgical time, postoperative pain score, and vomiting ratio, were collected and analyzed.
resultsA total of 62 patients were included in this study. Of the 62 patients, 15 were included in the GA group, 32 in the LA group, and 15 in the WALANT group. No complications were reported during surgery or follow-up in any group. The GA group exhibited a significantly longer anesthesia time than the other two groups, with an average of 32.4 minutes. However, no significant difference in surgical time was observed among the three groups. The WALANT group exhibited a significantly lower postoperative day 1 pain score than the other two groups. The additional cost of general anesthesia was approximately 350 US dollars (USD), accounting for approximately one-third to one-fourth of the total expenses for phalanx surgery.
conclusionOpen reduction with plate fixation of phalanx fractures using the WALANT technique or local anesthesia was cost-effective compared with general anesthesia. Patients who underwent phalanx fracture surgery using the WALANT technique experienced less pain on the first postoperative day because of the adequate tumescent technique and not using a tourniquet during surgery.
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