ReviewSupportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer2024
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diarrhea and colitis: an overview.
Review in Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Research landscape, thematic evolution, and translational insights of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: a bibliometric analysis (2006-2025).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy of immunotherapy in combination of locoregional therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Autoantibodies Drive Fcγ Receptor-Dependent Colon Inflammation During Immune Checkpoint Blockade.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Harnessing the Microbiome in Cancer Immunotherapy: Regulation, Prediction, and Therapeutic Targeting.Annual review of immunology · 2026Review
- Immune-Mediated Colitis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Pathophysiology, Clinical Management, and the Emerging Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Mycophenolate Mofetil for Treatment of Ipilimumab-Induced Colitis in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma.Cancers · 2026Article
- Pain spectrum in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events: evolution, characteristics and management challenges based on bibliometrics.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Breast Cancer: Therapeutic-Window Engineering, Tumor Heterogeneity, and Immunotherapy Combinations.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Intestinal Stenosis Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Caused by Sintilimab: A Case Report.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Role of innate immunity in the development of cancer immunotherapy immune-mediated adverse events.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lack of phospho-eIF4E worsens experimental colitis by inhibiting Treg suppressive activity.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2025Article
- Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2025Review
- Endoscopic insights into digestive-related adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A narrative review.World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related colitis in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer co-infected with HBV and EBV: a case report.Immunotherapy · 2025Article
- An updated review on immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment strategies, and the role of traditional Chinese medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- C-Reactive Protein in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Colitis: A Scoping Review of Evidence and Knowledge Gaps.Cancer management and research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as an integral component of the management of various cancers and have contributed to significant improvements in overall survival. Most available ICIs target anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (anti-CTLA4), and anti-programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD1/PDL1). Gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events remain a common complication of ICIs. The predominant manifestations include diarrhea and colitis, which often manifest concurrently as immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis (IMDC). Risk factors for developing these side effects include baseline gut microbiota, preexisting autoimmune disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, and type of neoplasm. The hallmark symptom of colitis is diarrhea which may be accompanied by mucus or blood in stools. Patients may also experience abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and nausea. If not treated rapidly, ICI-induced colitis can lead to serious life-threatening complications. Current management is based on corticosteroids as first-line, and immunosuppressants like infliximab or vedolizumab for refractory cases. Microbiota transplantation and specific cytokines and lymphocyte replication inhibitors are being investigated. Optimal patient care requires maintaining a balance between treatment toxicity and efficacy, hence the aim of this review is to enhance readers' comprehension of the gastrointestinal adverse events associated with ICIs, particularly IMDC. In addition to identifying the risk factors, we discuss the incidence, clinical presentation, workup, and management options of IMDC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.