ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2025
Outcomes of amniotic membrane transplant for refractory macular hole - an optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence long-term study.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Optimal approaches for managing recurrent macular holes: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Pooled it
- Amniotic membrane transplantation for macular holes: decoding the optimal approach-inlay or overlay?International ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Surgical Outcomes of Epiretinal Human Amniotic Membrane Transplantation for Refractory Macular Holes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Refractory macular hole surgery with amniotic membrane transplant functional assessment.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- Current Topics in OCT Applications in Vitreoretinal Surgery.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo analyze anatomical and functional outcomes of cryopreserved human amniotic membrane (hAM) transplant in refractory macular hole (MH) surgery, present retinal layers structure after MH closure, identify visual acuity improvement determinants and complication rate.
methodsProspective and interventional case series including seventeen patients: 13 refractory and 4 chronic (8, 15, 18 and 30-years) MH. All patients underwent vitrectomy, hAM subretinal transplant, tamponade and positioning. Complete ophthalmological examination, axial length, best-corrected visual acuity, retinography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and autofluorescence were recorded.
resultsMean follow-up was 31 months (range 6-53). Mean LogMAR visual acuity (1.71 ± 0.42) improved significantly (1.13 ± 0.41) (P < 0.001). Patients with better baseline BCVA ended up with better final BCVA (P = 0.018). Mean MH minimum linear diameter was 831 ± 252 μm and base diameter was 1409 ± 358 μm. MH closed in all patients. Transitory ocular hypertension in one patient and transient vitreous cavity haemorrhage in another were the only postoperative complications. OCT matched scans showed plug integration and inner retinal layers rearrangement. MH size did not correlate with final BCVA. Autofluorescence showed no developing atrophy signs during long-term follow-up.
conclusionCryopreserved human amniotic membrane transplant may be a valuable approach to achieve macular hole closure and visual acuity improvement in refractory MH. KEY MESSAGES: What is known Human amniotic membrane transplantation is a recent surgical technique for refractory, chronic or extra-large macular holes. This surgical procedure has a shallow learning curve, high macular hole closure rate, does not require silicone oil tamponade and has very low complication rate. What is new Subretinal amniotic membrane transplant technique was successful at closing all patients' macular holes and improving visual acuity. Concerning final visual acuity predictors neither preoperative characteristics, namely the macular hole size or duration, etiology, lens status or axial length, nor surgical procedure modifications such as flap shape or tamponade lead to different outcomes. Our series included patients with refractory macular holes due to failed extended ILM peeling, failed inverted flap technique, failed autologous retinal transplant and failed epiretinal amniotic membrane transplant suggesting the technique's effectiveness in challenging refractory cases.
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