ArticleJDS communications2024
Characterizing social networks and influence of early-life social housing in weaned heifers on pasture.
Article in JDS communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Socializing AI: Integrating Social Network Analysis and Deep Learning for Precision Dairy Cow Monitoring-A Critical Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dairy cattle are gregarious animals that are commonly managed in social groups, yet group-level social dynamics remain underexplored in weaned heifers. We characterized activity and social networks after weaned heifers had been raised in social groups on pasture for approximately 2 mo and examined effects of preweaning social housing. Holstein heifers raised in individual pens (n = 17) or paired pens (n = 20; 10 pens of 2) were mingled between treatments and grouped (10-11 heifers/group; total of 4 groups observed) on pasture following weaning (8.8 ± 0.4 wk of age; mean ± standard deviation). When heifers were 17.8 ± 1.0 (mean ± standard deviation) wk of age, we conducted live observation over a period of 5 d (6 h/observation day; morning: 0800 to 1100 h and afternoon: 1200 to 1500 h) for a total of 30 h observation/group. Using instantaneous scans at 10 min intervals, we recorded behavior (feeding, lying, or standing) and social proximity (<3 body lengths of another heifer, with neighbor identity noted) of all heifers. Duration of lying and feeding did not differ between previous housing treatments, but heifers reared in pairs stood for longer in the morning than previously individually housed heifers (30% vs. 24% of scans; standard error = 0.03). Networks of different behaviors showed limited correlation, with some variability between groups. Centrality in social networks was minimally affected by preweaning social housing, although previously pair-housed calves had greater strength (sum of an individual's edge weights) and eigenvector centrality (sum of the centralities of an individual's connections) in the lying social network for one group. Preweaning pair assignment was correlated with network structure for lying and standing networks for some groups. These results suggest that preweaning social housing may subtly affect activity and social behavior longer-term, but that behavior may be most subject to current social context.
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Registered trials
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