Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39309607›Full record

ArticleAJOG global reports2024

A new classification method for gestational diabetes mellitus: a study on the relationship between abnormal blood glucose values at different time points in oral glucose tolerance test and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Yongqing Zhang, Luping Chen, Yinluan Ouyang, Xiaoyan Wang, Tiantian Fu, Guohui Yan, Zhaoxia Liang, Danqing Chen

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In one paragraph

Article in AJOG global reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Need for Better Understanding and Wise Navigation.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Effect of Initial Glucose Tolerance Test Response on Pregnancy Outcomes in Type A1 Gestational Diabetes.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yongqing ZhangDepartment of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Zhang, Chen, Ouyang, Fu, Yan, Liang, Chen).
Luping ChenDepartment of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Zhang, Chen, Ouyang, Fu, Yan, Liang, Chen).
Yinluan OuyangDepartment of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Zhang, Chen, Ouyang, Fu, Yan, Liang, Chen).
Xiaoyan WangDepartment of Obstetrics, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, China (Wang).
Tiantian FuDepartment of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Zhang, Chen, Ouyang, Fu, Yan, Liang, Chen).
Guohui YanDepartment of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Zhang, Chen, Ouyang, Fu, Yan, Liang, Chen).
Zhaoxia LiangDepartment of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Zhang, Chen, Ouyang, Fu, Yan, Liang, Chen).
Danqing ChenDepartment of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Zhang, Chen, Ouyang, Fu, Yan, Liang, Chen).

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can lead to various adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mothers and infants, including gestational hypertension, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA) infants, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Previous studies have mainly focused on the overall risk of GDM for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, but there has been limited research specifically investigating the relationship between different patterns of abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Objective: The study aimed to analyze the maternal and neonatal outcomes among GDM women with different OGTT patterns and to explore a new classification method capable of stratifying GDM into high-risk (GDM-HR) and low-risk subtypes based on OGTT results. Study Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, spanning from November 1, 2015, to April 30, 2018. During the study period, a total of 3268 cases of GDM were enrolled. Based on the results of the OGTT, these GDM cases were classified into 7 subtypes, and the composition ratio of each subtype and their maternal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed. Innovatively, we proposed to categorize GDM-HR (characterized by elevated fasting blood glucose [FBG] levels, including T0, T0+1, T0+2, and T0+1+2) and low-risk GDM (GDM-LR, without elevated FBG, including T1, T2, and T1+2) and compared the maternal and neonatal outcomes between the two subtypes. Results: (1) In this cohort of 3268 GDM cases, the composition ratios of the 7 GDM subtypes were as follows: T0 (7.9%, Conclusion: The composition ratio of GDM subtypes with elevated FBG (GDM-HR) is relatively low within GDM cases, yet it presents with a higher risk of adverse outcomes compared to subtypes without elevated FBG (GDM-LR), warranting increased attention from obstetricians. Applying this new classification method in clinical practice enables better differentiation and individualized management of GDM.

Indexed as

classificationfasting blood glucosegestational diabetes mellitusoral glucose tolerance testoutcomes

Identifiers

PMID39309607
PMCPMC11415958

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.