Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39309258›Full record

ArticleLancet regional health. Americas2024

Impact of being taken into out-of-home care: a longitudinal cohort study of First Nations and other child welfare agencies in Manitoba, Canada.

Marni Brownell, Nathan C Nickel, Kayla Frank, Lisa Flaten, Scott Sinclair, Stephanie Sinclair, Nora Murdock, Jennifer E Enns, Jamie Pfau, Anita Durksen and 16 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Marni BrownellManitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Nathan C NickelManitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Kayla FrankFirst Nations Family Advocate Office, Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs, Canada.
Lisa FlatenManitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Scott SinclairGovernment of Manitoba, Canada.
Stephanie SinclairFirst Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba, Canada.
Nora MurdockFisher River Cree Nation, Canada.
Jennifer E EnnsManitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Jamie PfauUniversity of Manitoba, Canada.
Anita DurksenUniversity of Manitoba, Canada.
Colette ScatliffUniversity of Manitoba, Canada.
Heather PriorManitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Randy WalldManitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Lorna TurnbullFaculty of Law, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Karine LevasseurFaculty of Arts, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Teresa MayerGovernment of Manitoba, Canada.
Jennifer ChartrandFirst Nations Family Advocate Office, Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs, Canada.
Chris NashGovernment of Manitoba, Canada.
Elizabeth DecaireFirst Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba, Canada.
Hygiea CasianoDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Marlyn BennettFaculty of Social Work, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Hera J M CasidsidUniversity of Manitoba, Canada.
Mikayla HunterUniversity of Manitoba, Canada.
Hannah OwczarManitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Emily BrownellManitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Therese A StukelInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Across Canada, Child Protection Services (CPS) disrupt Indigenous families by apprehending their children at alarmingly high rates. The harms borne by children in out-of-home care (OoHC) have been extensively documented. We examined the impact of OoHC on Manitoba children's health and legal system outcomes to provide rigorous evidence on how discretionary decision-making by CPS agencies can affect these outcomes. Methods: In partnership with First Nations researchers, we used linked administrative data to identify Manitoba children (born 2007-2018) served by First Nations and other Manitoba CPS agencies. We compared those taken into OoHC (n = 19,324) with those never in care but with an open CPS file due to child protection concerns (n = 27,290). We used instrumental variable analysis (CPS agency rates of OoHC as the instrument) to obtain odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for child, maternal, and family factors. Findings: Mean age (yrs ± standard deviation) at first CPS contact for children taken into OoHC was 2.8 ± 3.7 (First Nations) and 3.0 ± 3.8 (other), and for children never in care was 4.5 ± 4.5 (First Nations) and 5.1 ± 4.7 (other). Among children served by a First Nations agency, males made up 50.6% (n = 5496) in OoHC and 51.0% (n = 6579) never in care. Among children served by other agencies, males made up 51.0% (n = 4324) in OoHC and 51.0% (n = 7428) never in care. Odds of teen pregnancy (First Nations aOR 3.69, 1.40-9.77; other aOR 5.10, 1.83-14.25), teen birth (First Nations aOR 3.23, 1.10-9.49; other aOR 5.06, 1.70-15.03), and sexually transmitted infections (other aOR 7.21, 3.63-14.32) were higher for children in care than children never in care, as were odds of being accused (other aOR 2.71, 1.27-5.75), a victim (other aOR 1.68, 1.10-2.56), charged with a crime (other aOR 2.68, 1.21-5.96), or incarcerated (First Nations aOR 3.64, 1.95-6.80; other aOR 1.19, 1.19-8.04). Interpretation: Being in OoHC worsened children's health and legal system outcomes. The importance of reducing the number of children taken into care was emphasized in briefings to provincial and First Nations governments. The government response will be monitored. Funding: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (no. 890-2018-0029).

Indexed as

Administrative dataCanadaChild protection servicesChild welfareFirst NationsInstrumental variable analysisLegal systemOut-of-home careSocial policy

Identifiers

PMID39309258
PMCPMC11415857

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.