ArticleAnnals of biostatistics & biometric applications2024
Differences in the Distribution of Aβ in the Brain between U.S. Veterans and Adults aged 62+ and suffering from Alzheimer's Disease.
Article in Annals of biostatistics & biometric applications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Elevated concentration of amyloids in the cerebrum results in elevated risks for cerebral hemorrhage and early AD onset following early depression/dementia onset. In this study, we compare patterns of amyloid depositions across eight regions of interest of the human brain between U.S. Veterans and non-Veterans adults aged 62+. Data: Data were taken from the ADNI and DoD-ADNI studies. A pseudo-randomization algorithm was applied to achieve comparability, reduce bias due to age mismatching, and account for non-treatment-related differences between subsamples extracted from DoD-ADNI and ADNI databases. The pool of participants included data about age, race, apolipoprotein ε4 allele (APOE) status, modified Hachinski Ischemic Score, education level, and geriatric depression score, which were used to build a propensity score. Predictors and outcomes: Aβ concentration, resulting from the PET image analysis, in key brain regions of interest, and two categorical variables describing the 0.79 and 1.11 cutoffs were used as outcomes, while the Veteran and AD status were used as predictors. Methods: To balance subsamples, we applied a pseudo-randomization algorithm, eliminating the observed sources of heterogeneity. We used a generalized linear model for continuous variables and the logistic regression model for binary variables. Findings: The pattern of the Aβ distribution in Veteran's brains was found to be different from the classic AD pattern. The amyloid depositions following Veteran status were concentrated in cerebellar gray matter and the cerebellum in general. In contrast, the AD pattern shows more Aβ depositions in the frontal lobe, cingulate cortex, parietal, and temporal lobes, along with higher whole-cerebrum concentration of amyloids. Since Florbetapir PET cannot distinguish between senile plaques and depositions in blood vessels, the elevated concentration of amyloids in a cerebellum for participants with the Veteran status may suppose elevated risks for cerebral hemorrhage and early AD onset following early depression/dementia onset.
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