ArticleThe British journal of clinical psychology2025
Development of the Flexibility in Daily Life scale to measure multidimensional cognitive and behavioural flexibility in health and disease.
Article in The British journal of clinical psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Measuring Cognitive Flexibility in Chinese Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Psychometric Validation and Factor Structure of the Chinese Version of the Flexibility in Daily Life Scale.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
- Sex differences in frontotemporal dementia.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Article
- Development of the Flexibility in Daily Life scale to measure multidimensional cognitive and behavioural flexibility in health and disease.The British journal of clinical psychology · 2025Article
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Abstract
objectivesInflexibility of thought and behaviour is a transdiagnostic feature of many neuropsychiatric disorders and presents several empirical measurement challenges. Here, we developed and validated the Flexibility in Daily Life scale (FIDL); a novel, self-report questionnaire, which captures expressions of cognitive and behavioural flexibility in daily life and is sensitive to natural shifts in these processes across the adult lifespan.
methodsThe FIDL was developed using a deductive scale development approach, which aimed to capture common themes within the flexibility literature and across diagnoses (e.g. insistence on sameness, preference for routines). Following multidisciplinary consensus, an initial 37-item questionnaire was submitted for validation in an online sample of 295 healthy adult participants (19-78 years).
resultsExploratory factor analysis produced a revised 21-item version comprising five factors, labelled: Repetition, Switching, Predictability/Control, Routine, and Thoughts/Beliefs. Internal consistency reliability was good-to-strong for the total FIDL score and moderate-to-strong for individual subscales. Convergent validity was established between the FIDL and an existing measure of cognitive flexibility. Critically, the FIDL total score evinced a U-shaped relationship with age, whereby flexibility was lower at the younger and older tails of the lifespan and greater in middle age. The same U-shaped trajectory emerged for the Repetition, Routine, and Thoughts/Beliefs factors.
conclusionsOverall, the FIDL is a valid and reliable multidimensional measure of flexibility, which upholds a clearly defined factor structure and good psychometric properties. It promises to be a valuable clinical and research tool to assess the natural fluctuations in flexibility across the lifespan and departures thereof.
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