Observational studyJournal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners
Screen Time, Outdoor Play, and Sleep Routines in Early Childhood: Longitudinal Associations with Parenting Stress during Toddler to Preschool Years.
Observational study in Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Physical Activity, Recreational Screen Time, and Sleep Among U.S. Children.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Screen time in preschool-aged children and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-related behaviors: A literature review.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Screen exposure in relation to cool and hot executive functions in preschoolers: parenting processes as mediators and parental growth mindset as moderator.BMC psychology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionOur study examined the longitudinal relationship between parenting stress and screen time, outdoor play, and sleep routines in toddler to preschool-aged children.
methodWe conducted a descriptive quantitative analysis of a prospective observational cohort study of 300 families with an 18-month-old toddler who were followed for 2 years. Parenting stress was measured using a subscale of the Parenting Stress Index-4 Short Form at child age 18 months. Screen time, outdoor play, and sleep routines were parent-reported at child age 36 months. Multivariable regression estimated associations between parenting stress and screen time behaviors, outdoor play, and sleep routines.
resultsData from 280 children (42.1% female) showed that 39.6% did not have rules around screen time and 82% of families reported frequently having the television on without anyone watching. In adjusted models, a 1-standard deviation increase in parenting stress at 18 months was associated with increased odds of having a television on without anyone watching (OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.57) and decreased odds of not having rules about the amount of screen time at 36 months (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.96). DISCUSSION: Increased parenting stress in early childhood was associated with some suboptimal screen time behaviors and sleep routines when children were preschool-aged.
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Registered trials
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