ArticleCancer2025
Influenza vaccine effectiveness in immunocompromised patients with cancer: A Danish nationwide register-based cohort study.
Article in Cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Vaccines for preventing infections in adults with haematological malignancies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Vaccines for preventing infections in adults with solid tumours.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Influenza Vaccines for Persons Who Are Immunocompromised: A Scoping Review of the Literature.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Factors influencing influenza vaccine hesitancy among cancer patients: a multicenter cross-sectional study based on the Health Belief Model.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Vaccination Against Respiratory Infections in Adults with Cancer: A Concise Guide for Clinicians.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy-related cardiovascular toxicity: from mechanisms to management.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Innovation in active and passive immunisation of people who are immunocompromised: a call to action.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza vaccination is free of charge for Danish citizens with acquired immunodeficiency but recommendations do not specifically target patients with cancer. This study investigated whether influenza vaccination reduces the main outcome of overall mortality and the secondary outcomes of influenza requiring treatment, pneumonia, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer.
methodsThis was a register-based nationwide cohort study. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for overall mortality and secondary outcomes were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Analyses were conducted separately for four subgroups: patients aged <65 years with solid tumors, patients aged ≥65 years with solid tumors, patients aged <65 years with hematological cancer, and patients aged ≥65 years with hematological cancer.
resultsA total of 53,249 adult patients with solid tumors who received chemotherapy and 22,182 adult patients with hematological cancer were followed for up to five influenza seasons in the study period of 2007-2018. In the main analysis covering December-March, influenza vaccination was associated with reduced overall mortality in all four subgroups. The reduction was most pronounced in patients with hematological cancer aged <65 years (aHR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51-0.87) and smallest in patients with solid tumors aged <65 years (aHR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.99). In sensitivity analyses covering January-March, the aHR was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.65-1.16) in patients with hematological cancer aged <65 years and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.92-1.10) in patients with solid tumors aged <65 years. Results for the secondary outcomes were inconclusive.
conclusionsThe results of this study cannot reject that influenza vaccination reduces overall mortality in immunocompromised patients with cancer. The results must be interpreted with caution because of potential unmeasured confounding, which can result in the overestimation of influenza vaccine effectiveness.
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