Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39306642›Full record

ArticleEndocrine2025

Time course of remnant cholesterol and the risk of heart failure.

Xiaoxue Liu, Yijun Zhang, Xue Tian, Qin Xu, Xue Xia, Shuohua Chen, Fen Liu, Shouling Wu, Anxin Wang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Endocrine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xiaoxue Liu *Department of Cardiology, Tangshan People's Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
Yijun Zhang *Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xue TianDepartment of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Qin XuDepartment of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xue XiaDepartment of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Shuohua ChenDepartment of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
Fen LiuDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. liufen05@ccmu.edu.cn.
Shouling WuDepartment of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China. drwusl@163.com.
Anxin WangDepartment of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. wanganxin@bjtth.org.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFC3600600
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimPrevious studies have shown that remnant cholesterol (RC) was associated with heart failure (HF). However, lack of evidence regarding the long-term trend of RC with HF risk. We aimed to investigate the association between cumulative RC exposure with incident HF and to further explore the modulating effects of the time course of RC accumulation. METHODS AND

resultsWe enrolled 41,168 participants free of CVD from the Kailuan Study who completed the first three health examinations from 2006 to 2010. Cumulative RC exposure included cumulative RC and time-weighted cumulative RC. The combination of cumulative RC and RC slope over time was characterized as the time course of RC accumulation. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for HF risk. We also considered non-HF-related death as a competing event by performing competing risk models as a sensitivity analysis. During 8.84 years, 839 participants developed HF events. Cumulative RC exposure increased the HF risk, with HRs for cumulative RC of 1.72 (1.41-2.10) and for time-averaged cumulative RC of 1.54 (1.25-1.89). There was a nonlinear relationship between cumulative RC exposure and HF risk. Participants with higher cumulative RC and negative slope had the highest HF risk (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.16-1.83).

conclusionsBoth cumulative long-term exposure and the time course of RC accumulation were associated with HF risk. Early RC accumulation resulted in a greater increase in risk compared to later accumulation. This finding suggests that long-term exposure to RC may be useful in identifying individuals at high risk of developing HF and highlights the need for early initiation of appropriate RC control to prevent or reduce incident HF.

Indexed as

CholesterolHeart FailureAdultAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsTime FactorsCholesterolCumulative exposureHeart failureLongitudinalRemnant cholesterolTime course

Identifiers

PMID39306642

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.