Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39305340›Full record

Trial reportDiabetologia2025

A whole-food, plant-based intensive lifestyle intervention improves glycaemic control and reduces medications in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.

Cody J Hanick, Courtney M Peterson, Brenda C Davis, Joan Sabaté, John H Kelly

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetologia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT03862963 (Lifestyle Intervention Trial to Treat Type 2 Diabetes in the Republic of the Marshall Islands), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03862963 nacompletednot on this map

Lifestyle Intervention Trial to Treat Type 2 Diabetes in the Republic of the Marshall Islands

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamRan2006 to 2008Enrolled138ConditionsType 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsStandard of diabetes care, Lifestyle Intervention
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Metabolic and Inflammatory Mechanisms Driving Atrial Fibrillation.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Cody J HanickDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Courtney M PetersonDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Brenda C DavisBrenda Davis Nutrition Consultation Services, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
Joan SabatéSchool of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
John H KellyDepartment of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA. jhkellymd@protonmail.com.

Funding

Why is the prevalence of obesity so high in U.S. Southern States? Regional predictors of BMI and obesity treatment response.P30DK056336 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI BARBARA A GOWER · 2000 to 2026
$31.9M
University of Alabama at Birmingham's Diabetes Research CenterP30DK079626 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI BARBARA A GOWER · 2013 to 2026
$19.5M
UAB Pre-Doctoral Training Program in Obesity-Related ResearchT32HL105349 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI BARBARA A GOWER · 2010 to 2026
$5.7M
Department of the Army W81XWH-05-1-0547NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL105349NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK056336NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK079626
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisWe conducted the largest and longest clinical trial comparing a whole-food, plant-based intervention with standard medical care (SMC) in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

methodsWe randomised (parallel-arm; computerised 1:1 randomisation ratio) 169 adults aged 18-75 years with type 2 diabetes in the Marshall Islands to an intensive whole-food, plant-based intervention with moderate exercise (PB+Ex) or SMC for 24 weeks. The PB+Ex intervention included 12 weeks of meals, exercise sessions and group classes. Primary outcomes were glycaemic control (HbA

resultsCompared with SMC (n=90 randomised; n=70 analysed), the PB+Ex (n=79 randomised; n=66 analysed) intervention decreased HbA CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationA whole-food, plant-based lifestyle intervention was more effective for improving glycaemic control than SMC. It also reduced the need for diabetes and cardiovascular medications and induced diabetes remission in some participants. Therefore, it is an effective, evidence-based lifestyle option for individuals with type 2 diabetes.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03862963

fundingThis research was funded by the Department of the Army (W81XWH-05-1-0547). CJH received support through a National Institutes of Health Predoctoral T32 Obesity Fellowship (T32 HL105349).

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycemic ControlLife StyleAdolescentAdultAgedBlood GlucoseBlood PressureExerciseFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinCardiovascular diseaseDiabetes remissionDietDietary interventionGlycaemic controlLifestyle interventionNutritionPlant-based dietRandomised controlled trialType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39305340
PMCPMC11732952

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.