ArticleInternational journal of immunopathology and pharmacology
The global immune-nutrition-inflammation index (GINI) as a robust prognostic factor in glioblastoma patients treated with the standard stupp protocol.
Article in International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Global Immune-Nutrition-Inflammation Index (GINI) in Acute Pancreatitis Severity Assessment: A Comparative Study.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- The Global Immune-Nutrition Inflammation Index for Predicting Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon in Patients with Angina and No Obstructive Coronary Arteries.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Controlled Nutritional Status Score and Prognostic Nutritional Index for the Prediction of Postoperative Subdural Hematoma.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Prognostic and predictive determinants in high-grade gliomas: integrating tumor-intrinsic biology with patient and system-level factors.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- The global immune-nutrition-inflammation index predicts pathological response and survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSystemic inflammation can significantly impact gliomas' onset, progression, and prognosis. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the glioma subtype characterized by the most profound inflammatory and immunosuppressive states. Consequently, various blood-borne biomarkers have been scrutinized concerning their prognostic value in GBM patients.
objectiveWe sought to investigate whether the recently introduced Global Immune-Nutrition-Inflammation Index (GINI) holds prognostic significance for GBM patients treated with the standard Stupp protocol.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data from a cohort of newly diagnosed GBM patients receiving the standard Stupp regimen using the propensity score-matching methodology. The GINI was computed using the original formula: GINI = [(C-reactive protein × Monocytes × Platelets × Neutrophils) ÷ (Albumin × Lymphocytes)]. We employed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to identify the optimal cutoff values for GINI, which could help distinguish between different survival outcomes. The primary and secondary objectives were the differences in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) between the GINI groups.
resultsThe optimal GINI cutoff value was 1350. Out of 294 eligible patients, 211 were PSM-matched: GINI<1350 (
conclusionHigh pretreatment GINI values are robustly and independently associated with inferior PFS and OS outcomes in selected GBM patients who receive standard Stupp protocol. These findings suggest that if further confirmed, the novel GINI could serve as a valuable biological marker for the prognostic stratification of GBM patients.
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