ArticleDental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology2025
Ear Problems Are Associated With Traumatic Dental Injuries Among Australian-Indigenous-Children.
Article in Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimThe association between ear problems and traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) has not been examined in longitudinal cohort studies. The study aimed to estimate the effect of ear problems on TDIs in primary and permanent teeth among Australian Indigenous children.
methodsThe Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children is a study of two representative cohorts of Indigenous Australian children, aged from 6 months to 2 years (baby cohort) or from 3.5 to 5 years (child cohort) at baseline (2008). The children's mother/primary carer undertook a face-to-face interview in 2008, repeated annually for the next 9 years. Ear problems included runny ears, perforated eardrum, total deafness, deaf in one ear, hearing loss/partially deaf, and other ear problems. TDIs were teeth and oral soft and hard tissue injuries. Multivariate survival analysis using Cox proportional regression models estimated hazards ratio (HR) were used in the analysis.
resultsA total of 870 from baby cohort and 668 from child cohort Indigenous children, who had no TDIs at baseline were included in the analysis. The prevalence of TDIs was 9.2%, 11.1%, and 6.6% in the total, baby, and child cohorts, respectively. Multivariable models for TDIs indicate children with ear problems had nearly four times (total: HR = 3.72, 95% CI: 1.82-6.77), five times (baby cohort: HR = 4.76, 95% CI: 1.59-11.63), and more than 15 times (child cohort: HR = 16.2, 95% CI: 4.78-49.28) the average hazard over time, than those without ear problems. After adjusting for all covariates, children with ear problems had more than 22 times (HR = 22.03, 95% CI: 4.50-87.07) TDIs than those without ear problems in the child cohort. Mothers/primary carers with lower educational level was positively associated with the incidence of TDIs.
conclusionEar problems were a risk indicator for the increased incidence of TDIs in two large cohorts of Indigenous Australian children. Mothers/primary carers' educational level was a significant risk factor for TDIs.
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